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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2014 Sep 15;193(6):2615–2621. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400716

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Microglia and monocytes ontogeny and their characteristics. Microglia are derived from primitive macrophages in a Myb-independent manner via PU.1- and IRF8- dependent pathways. This lineage is mainly regulated by CSF-1R, its ligand IL-34 and TGF-β. Microglia are maintained independently of circulating monocytes throughout life. In the steady state apoptotic neurons expressing ‘eat-me’ signals are removed by ramified microglia. Ramified microglia are also essential component of neurogenesis and synapse maintenance. Microglial IGF-1 and BDNF are key mediators of synaptic plasticity. In response to tissue damage, DAMPs are released and cause microglia to release of neurotoxic factors from microglia. Monocytes are derived from hematopoietic stem cells appear at E 10.5. Transcription factor Myb is required for development. Human CD14+ macrophage has several spectrum of activation signatures depending on a stimuli.