Table 1.

Kinematic parameters (mean, 95% CI) of clinically normal and CSM-affected Doberman Pinschers

Parameter	Normal Dogs			Affected Dogs			P-Valueb
	Mean and CVa	95% CI		Mean and CV	95% CI
Number of strides (per 10 seconds)—thoracic limbs	4.3 (0.37)	3.4	5.2	3.5 (0.42)	2.6	4.4	.235
Number of strides (per 10 seconds)—pelvic limbs	4.1 (0.41)	3.2	5	2.7 (0.55)	1.7	3.6	.033*
Stifle flexion (°)	109 (0.06)	103	114	100 (0.14)	94	106	.048*
Stifle extension (°)	146	141	151	136	130	141	.009*
Elbow flexion (°)	106	102	109	102	98	106	.130
Elbow extension (°)	146	141	152	139	133	145	.077
Average flexion (°)	107 (0.05)	103	111	101 (0.08)	97	105	.023*
Average extension (°)	146 (0.03)	142	150	137 (0.06)	133	142	.005*
Pelvic limb stride height (mm)	83	73	93	84	73	95	.856
Thoracic limb stride height (mm)	75	63	87	90	78	103	.088
Average limb stride height (mm)	79.0	68.8	89.2	87.4	76.6	98.1	.268
Stride length—thoracic limbs (mm)	798	740	856	726	665	788	.099
Stride length—pelvic limbs (mm)	822	752	892	885	811	959	.224
Average stride length (mm)	811	756	865	808	751	865	.946
Stride duration—thoracic limbs (sec)	0.8 (0.08)	0.8	0.9	0.7 (0.19)	0.6	0.8	.009*
Stride duration—pelvic limbs (seconds)	0.8 (0.08)	0.8	0.9	0.8 (0.12)	0.8	0.9	.660
Average stride duration (seconds)	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8	.143
Max thoracic limb distance (mm)	222 (0.11)	206	237	184 (0.13)	168	200	.001*
Min thoracic limb distance (mm)	146 (0.17)	128	165	116 (0.29)	97	135	.024*
Max pelvic limb distance (mm)	233	211	255	229	206	252	.824
Min pelvic limb distance (mm)	194	167	221	159	130	187	.079
Max spine angle (°)	10.5	9.3	11.7	11.2	9.9	12.4	.459
Min spine angle (°)	2.9	1.3	4.5	3.6	1.9	5.3	.567

CI, confidence interval; LF, left front; RF, right front; LH, left hind; RH, right hind; CSM, cervical spondylomyelopathy.

^*P < .05.

^aCV, coefficient of variation. CV was only established for selected parameters.

^bP-value tests if the means are different between normal and affected dogs using a random-effects linear regression.