Serial reaction time |
Excitotoxic lesion |
Reduced accuracy, increased latencies to collect reward, increased omissions (Passetti et al., 2002; note lesion centered on Cg1) |
Increased perseverative responding, transient effect on accuracy (Passetti et al., 2002; note lesion included PL and IL) |
Increased perseverative responding, transient effect on accuracy (Passetti et al., 2002; note lesion included PL and IL) |
|
|
Reduced accuracy and decreased impulsive responding (Chudasama et al., 2003, 2012; note lesion included PL and IL) |
Reduced accuracy, slower response latencies, increased omissions and premature responses (Pezze et al., 2009; note lesion included PL and IL) |
Increased impulsive responding (Chudasama et al., 2003, 2012) |
|
Single unit recording |
Neuronal responses higher when accurately responding to cue, lower before an incorrect response and increased after an incorrect response (Totah et al., 2009) |
Neuronal responses higher when accurately responding to cue, lower before an incorrect response, but no significant change after an incorrect response (Totah et al., 2009) |
|
|
Reversible inactivation |
|
Lower dose muscimol increased premature responding (Paine et al., 2011; note injection coordinates included IL) |
Muscimol increased the number of premature responses (Murphy et al., 2012) |
|
|
|
Higher dose muscimol decreased accuracy and impulsive responding (Pezze et al., 2014) and increased omissions (Murphy et al., 2012; Pezze et al., 2014) |
|
|
Disinhibition |
SRB95531 decreased accuracy and increased omissions (Pehrson et al., 2013) |
Bicuculine decreased accuracy, increased omissions and increased latencies to collect rewards (Paine et al., 2011; note bicuculine likely spread to IL) |
Bicuculine blocked the increase in premature responding otherwise caused by CPP (Murphy et al., 2012) |
|
|
|
Picrotoxin decreased accuracy and increased omissions (Pezze et al., 2014) |
|
|
Micro-injection of NMDA antagonist |
MK801 increased omissions (Pehrson et al., 2013) |
|
CPP increased the number of premature responses (Murphy et al., 2012) |
Reinforced responding in the Skinner box |
Excitotoxic lesions |
No effect (Risterucci et al., 2003) |
Increased premature responding and disrupted the distribution of preparatory responding during the intervals between cues (Risterucci et al., 2003) |
Increased premature responding and disrupted the distribution of preparatory responding during the intervals between cues (Risterucci et al., 2003) |
Reinforced responding in the Skinner box (Continued) |
Single neuron recording |
|
Fast transient responses to sucrose delivery (Burgos-Robles et al., 2013) |
Delayed prolonged responses to sucrose delivery (Burgos-Robles et al., 2013) |
|
Reversible inactivation |
|
Muscimol without effect on collection of earned sucrose rewards (Burgos-Robles et al., 2013) |
Muscimol delayed collection of earned sucrose rewards (Burgos-Robles et al., 2013) |
Pre-pulse inhibition |
Excitotoxic lesion |
|
No effect (Lacroix et al., 1998; note lesion included AC and IL) |
No effect (Sullivan and Gratton, 2002; note lesion encroached on PL) |
|
|
|
Increased by larger lesions (Lacroix et al., 2000b; note lesion included AC and IL) |
|
|
Micro-injection of D1 antagonist |
|
Impaired (Ellenbroek et al., 1996; note injection coordinates included IL) |
Impaired (Shoemaker et al., 2005) |
|
|
|
Impaired (Shoemaker et al., 2005) |
|
Latent inhibition |
Electrolytic lesion |
No effect (Joel et al., 1997) |
No effect (Joel et al., 1997; note lesion included AC and IL) |
No effect (Joel et al., 1997) |
|
Excitotoxic lesion |
|
No effect (Lacroix et al., 1998, 2000b; Schiller and Weiner, 2004; note lesions centered on PL, encroached on IL and/or AC) |
Enhanced (George et al., 2010) |
|
|
|
No effect (George et al., 2010) |
|
|
6-OHDA lesion |
|
Enhanced (Nelson et al., 2010) |
No effect (Nelson et al., 2010) |
Trace conditioning |
Aspiration lesion |
Impaired acquisition (Kronforst-Collins and Disterhoft, 1998; Weible et al., 2000) |
|
|
|
Electrolytic lesion |
|
Impaired acquisition but only at longer CS duration (McLaughlin et al., 2002) |
|
|
Erk inhibition |
|
Impaired retention but not acquisition (Runyan et al., 2004) |
|
|
Single neuron recording |
Attentional responses to CSs (Weible et al., 2003; Hattori et al., 2014) |
Increased activity to the trace conditioned CS, including within the trace interval (Gilmartin and McEchron, 2005) |
Decreased activity to the trace conditioned CS, no change in trace interval activity (Gilmartin and McEchron, 2005) |
|
|
|
Persistent activity within the trace interval during retention tests (Hattori et al., 2014) |
|
Trace conditioning (Continued) |
Reversible inactivation |
Impaired acquisition (Kalmbach et al., 2009; note “caudal” placement included PL) |
|
|
|
Excitotoxic lesion c-fos expression |
Impaired by lesion and associated with increased neuronal activity in Cg1 but not Cg2 (Han et al., 2003) |
|
|
|
Excitotoxic lesion |
Impaired by immediate-post-training lesions (Oswald et al., 2010) |
Impaired by 1-week-post-training lesions (Oswald et al., 2008, 2010) |
|
Fear conditioning |
Microstimulation |
No effect on the expression or extinction of conditioned fear (Vidal-Gonzalez et al., 2006) |
Increased the expression of conditioned fear and prevented extinction (Vidal-Gonzalez et al., 2006) |
Decreased the expression of conditioned fear and facilitated extinction (Vidal-Gonzalez et al., 2006) |
|
Single neuron recording |
|
Decreased activity during extinction and extinction memory in male rats; females showed increased activity during extinction (Fenton et al., 2014) |
Increased activity during extinction and extinction memory (no sex difference; Fenton et al., 2014) |
|
Reversible inactivation |
|
Muscimol impaired fear expression, but had no effect on extinction memory (Sierra-Mercado et al., 2011) |
Muscimol had no effect of fear expression, but impaired extinction memory (Sierra-Mercado et al., 2011) |
Object recognition—identity |
Excitotoxic lesion |
No effect (Ennaceur et al., 1997) |
No effect (Ennaceur et al., 1997; Barker et al., 2007) |
|
|
Reversible inactivation |
|
No effect (Hannesson et al., 2004a) |
|
|
6-OHDA lesion |
|
No effect (Nelson et al., 2011a) |
No effect (Nelson et al., 2011a) |
Object recognition—recency |
Excitotoxic lesion |
|
Impaired (Barker et al., 2007; note lesion encroached on IL) |
|
|
Reversible inactivation |
|
Impaired (Hannesson et al., 2004a) |
|
|
6-OHDA lesion |
|
Impaired (Nelson et al., 2011a; note PL lesion anatomically selective) |
Impaired (Nelson et al., 2011a; note IL lesion encroached on PL) |
|
Single neuron recording |
Increased activity when in location of a “missing” object at 6 h or 30 day delay (Weible et al., 2012) |
|
|
Object recognition—location |
Excitotoxic lesion |
No effect unless lesion extended to include retrosplenial cortex (Ennaceur et al., 1997) |
No effect (Ennaceur et al., 1997; Barker et al., 2007) |
|
Object recognition—location (Continued) |
6-OHDA lesion |
|
No effect (Nelson et al., 2011a) |
Impaired (Nelson et al., 2011a) |
Spatial recognition memory |
Reversible inactivation |
|
No effect on spatial recognition memory, impaired spatial temporal order memory (Hannesson et al., 2004b) |
|
Spatial memory |
Reversible inactivation |
Impaired working memory in radial arm maze (Seamans et al., 1995) |
Impaired reference memory (Seamans et al., 1995) |
|
|
Micro-injection of D1 antagonist |
|
Disrupted performance if 30 min delay between training and test (Seamans et al., 1998) |
|
|
Electrolytic lesions |
No effect on non-matching to position (Joel et al., 1997) |
Some transient impairment in non-matching to position but more marked impairment in rule reversal (Joel et al., 1997; note lesion extended to AC) |
|