Fig. 1.

Head movements induced in the cat by electric-shock stimulation of individual ampullary nerves are in the plane of the corresponding canal. Comparison with the directional properties of canals indicates that the evoked head movements are opposite in direction to the head rotations that would excite the individual canals or canal pairs. RAC and LAC right and left anterior canals, RPC and LPC right and left posterior canals, RLC right lateral canal a. Stimulation of individual vertical canals evokes diagonal movements. b Stimulation of pairs of vertical canals produces movements in pitch or roll. c RLC stimulation produces yaw movement to the left. From Suzuki and Cohen 1964