Binding and transcription of the groE promoter by using recombinant HrcA. (A) EMSA with dnaK and groE promoter restriction fragments. The positions of bound and free probe are indicated on the right. Lanes 1 to 3, dnaK probe with no HrcA (lane 1), 100 nM HrcA (lane 2), or 400 nM HrcA (lane 3); lanes 4 to 6, groE probe with no HrcA (lane 4), 100 nM HrcA (lane 5), or 400 nM HrcA (lane 6); lanes 7 to 9, groE probe containing only one arm of the CIRCE inverted repeat with no HrcA (lane 7), 100 nM HrcA (lane 8), or 400 nM HrcA (lane 9). (B) In vitro transcription of wild-type groE promoter. Lanes 1 and 2, transcription of the dnaK promoter (upper band) and the lower omcB promoter (lower band) by using C. trachomatis RNA polymerase with no HrcA (lane 1) or 1,150 nM HrcA (lane 2); lanes 3 and 4, transcription of the groE promoter (upper band) and the omcB promoter (lower band) with no HrcA (lane 3) or 1,150 nM HrcA (lane 4). (C) In vitro transcription of hybrid groE CIRCE-dnaK core promoter. Lanes 1 and 2, transcription of the dnaK promoter (upper band) and the omcB promoter (lower band) by using C. trachomatis RNA polymerase with no HrcA (lane 1) or 1,150 nM HrcA (lane 2); lanes 3 and 4, transcription of the groE/dnaK hybrid promoter (upper band) and the omcB promoter (lower band) with no HrcA (lane 3) or 1,150 nM HrcA (lane 4).