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. 2014 Sep 8;9(9):e107154. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107154

Figure 4. Effect on Mitochondrial membrane potential by Gemcitabine, Betulinic acid and Thymoquinone alone and in combinations.

Figure 4

(A) MIA PaCa-2: Betulinic acid alone and in combination CI (GCB:BA) with Gemcitabine induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ψ) that is not observed in Thymoquinone and Gemcitabine neither alone nor in combination CI (GCB:TQ). Cells were stained with Rhodamine-123 (5 mg/mL) for 1 hr and analyzed in FL-1 channel of flow cytometer. Data in all figures are representative of one of three similar experiments. (B) Similar studies were carried out in PANC-1 cell line, Betulinic acid alone induces more loss of mitochondrial membrane than in combination with Gemcitabine CI(GCB:BA) also no loss in mitochondrial membrane was observed when treated with Thymoquinone and gemcitabine alone or in combination CI(GCB:TQ) for 48 hrs.(Control verses Monotherapy (BA, TQ, GCB) and Control verses Combinations (CI(GCB:BA), CI(GCB:TQ)),(***, significant difference at p value<0.001, n = 3).