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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013 Oct 16;71:11–15. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.09.018

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

ER associated degradation: Misfolded luminal and membrane proteins in the SR/ER (➀) are retrotranslocated from the SR/ER into the cytosol (➁), where they are ubiquitinated by one of several SR/ER-transmembrane ubiquitin ligases (➂). These ligases work in conjunction with Derlin-3 (Derl3), which facilitates retrotranslocation, as well as misfolded protein substrate recognition by the ubiquitin ligases. Following ubiquitination, misfolded proteins are degraded by proteasomes associated with the cytosolic face of the SR/ER (➃).