Table 2.
Factors associated with excellent collaterals
| Pretreatment collateral flow
|
p | Estimated OR
|
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excellent (n = 32) | not excellent (n = 66) | crude | adjusted | 95% CI | |||
| Center | 0.986 | ||||||
| South Korean | 14 (43.8) | 29 (43.9) | |||||
| Southern Californian | 18 (56.3) | 37 (56.1) | |||||
| Age, years | 71.3±15.21 | 70.4±12.73 | 0.739 | ||||
| Female gender | 24 (75) | 37 (56.1) | 0.073 | 2.351 | 1.736 | 0.56–5.38 | 0.339 |
| Hypertension | 20 (62.5) | 41 (62.1) | 0.971 | ||||
| Diabetes | 6 (18.8) | 10 (15.2) | 0.652 | ||||
| Current smoking | 1 (3.1) | 10 (15.2) | 0.111 | 0.181 | 0.111 | 0.009–1.39 | 0.088 |
| Dyslipidemia | 8 (25) | 13 (20.3) | 0.601 | ||||
| Previous stroke | 8 (25) | 17 (25.8) | 0.936 | ||||
| Previous CHD | 4 (12.5) | 18 (27.3) | 0.109 | 0.381 | 0.45 | 0.104–1.946 | 0.285 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 158 [140–192] | 155 [138–176] | 0.885 | ||||
| Intravenous t-PA use | 36 (56.3) | 16 (50.0) | 0.563 | ||||
| Antihypertensive medication | |||||||
| β-Blocker | 9 (33.3) | 21 (42.9) | 0.417 | ||||
| Ca2+ channel blocker | 4 (14.8) | 7 (15.9) | 0.902 | ||||
| ARB/ACE inhibitor | 7 (22.6) | 22 (36.7) | 0.176 | 0.504 | 0.342 | 0.107–1.099 | 0.072 |
| Antithrombotic agent | |||||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 15 (48.4) | 24 (37.5) | 0.370 | ||||
| Warfarin | 6 (19.4) | 12 (18.8) | 0.721 | ||||
| Both | 0 (0) | 3 (4.7) | 0.999 | ||||
| Any | 38 (59.4) | 21 (67.7) | 0.432 | ||||
| Statin use | 11 (34.4) | 11 (16.7) | 0.049 | 2.619 | 7.841 | 1.96–31.363 | 0.004 |
| Statin dose | |||||||
| Atorvastatin 10 mg equivalent or higher | 8 (25) | 6 (9.1) | 0.036 | ||||
| Lower | 3 (9.4) | 5 (7.6) | 0.559 | ||||
| Laboratory findings, mg/dl | |||||||
| Glucose | 117.9±31.86 | 130.7±33.43 | 0.081 | 0.986 | 0.985 | 0.969–1.002 | 0.085 |
| Triglyceride | 93±46.38 | 99.9±51.07 | 0.527 | ||||
| HDL cholesterol | 48.5±22.49 | 50±19.1 | 0.729 | ||||
| LDL cholesterol | 94.6±29.56 | 99.9±32.17 | 0.436 | ||||
Statistically significant p values are highlighted in italics. Values are represented as means ± SD, numbers with percentages in parentheses or median with interquartile range in square brackets. ‘Statin dose’ was excluded in the multivariate model due to large numbers of missing values. OR = Odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; CHD = coronary heart disease; BP = blood pressure; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein.