Table 2.

Estimated Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Association between Sleep Medication Use and Stroke Risk

	Models
Medication Type	1 Demographic	2 + SES	3 + Risk Factor	4 + Mental Health	5 + Apnea
OTC	1.52** (1.11 – 2.09)	1.52** (1.11 – 2.09)	1.52* (1.09 – 2.12)	1.52* (1.09 – 2.12)	1.52* (1.09 – 2.11)
Prescription	1.11 (0.76 – 1.62)	1.10 (0.75 – 1.60)	0.89 (0.59 – 1.36)	0.88 (0.57 – 1.34)	0.89 (0.58 – 1.35)
Either	1.31 ǂ (1.00 – 1.73)	1.31 ǂ (0.99 – 1.72)	1.22 (0.91 – 1.63)	1.21 (0.90 – 1.62)	1.21 (0.90 – 162)

Demographic = age, race, sex; + SES = income, education; + Risk Factors = systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive use, diabetes, current smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart disease; + Mental Health = Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression 4-item form, Perceived Stress Scale score; + Apnea = diagnosed sleep apnea, apnea risk on the Berlin Questionnaire; OTC = over-the-counter sleeping pills; REGARDS = REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke

^**p < 0.01;

^*p < 0.05;

^ǂp < 0.06