Fig. 2.

Probiotics B. cereus, B. subtilis and B. clausii LTA enhance NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, but in lesser amounts than LPS from pathogenic E. coli or LTA from S. aureus. RAW 264.7 cells (1 × 10⁴ cells per well) were incubated with indicated concentrations of LTA or reference LPS for 48 h, and nitrite production was measured in culture supernatants. Values are median ± S.D. of three replicates for each group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 as compared with the control; ^∆ p < 0.05 as compared with B. cereus LTA at 10 µg/mL; ^# p < 0.05; ^##p < 0.01 as compared with commercial S. aureus LTA at 10 µg/mL