FIG. 4.

APOBEC3F induces G to A mutations in viral genome. Wild-type (WT) and Vif-defective viruses were produced in the presence and absence of APOBEC3G (A3G), APOBEC3F (A3F), and mAPOBEC3G (mA3G). These viruses were used to infect GHOST-R3/X4/R5 cells. Six hours later, cellular DNAs were extracted from these infected cells, and viral DNAs were amplified by PCR. After cloning into TA-cloning vector, these viral DNAs were then sequenced. The pNL4-3 sequence from nucleotides 5698 to 5787 is presented at the top. Five sequences from each infection are presented, and only the mutated nucleotides are shown. Dots indicate sequence identity.