TABLE 1.

Effects of different types of infection on the development of functional CD8 T cells

Type of infection	Characteristics	CD8 T-cell differentiation	Referencesa
Acute	Virus cleared; T cells experience rest from antigen	Functional memory CD8 T cells with long-term T-cell persistence	30, 31, 49, 68, 123
Latent	Periodic reactivation; cycles of T-cell rest and restimulation	Functional CD8 T cells often at high frequency with long-term T-cell persistence	21, 95
Smoldering	Ongoing low-level viral replication; T-cell stimulation with infrequent rest	Some impaired effector functions depending on frequency of TCR stimulation	39, 51, 98, 112
Chronic with viremia	Persisting high-level viral replication; continuous TCR stimulation, no rest	Functional exhaustion and deletion	7, 26, 27, 62, 70, 73, 80, 118

^aNot an exhaustive list.