FIG. 1.

VP16 mutation potentiates HSV-1-induced cytokine expression. The cells (RAW264.7, A, B, C, and H; J774A.1, D and E; PCs, F; NIH 3T3, G) were seeded in triplicate cultures, left overnight to settle, and treated with a mock preparation or infected with wt HSV-1 or in1814 (A to F, MOI of 1; G, MOI of 2; H, MOI of 0.02 to 2) as indicated. At 8 (C) and 24 (A, B, and D to H) h later, the supernatants were harvested and RANTES, IL-6, and IL-12 p40 were measured by ELISA while IFN-α/β and TNF-α were measured by bioassays. The results are shown as means ± SEM. Essentially similar results were seen in more than five independent experiments for the results presented in panels A to E, G, and H and in two independent experiments for the result presented in panel F.