Table 3.

Localization and statistics of the peak voxels for the contrast CS+ vs CS− for the comparison between early and late fear extinction as well as separately for early and late extinction

Early vs late ext.	Brain structure	x	Y	Z	Fmax	Pcorr
Phase × treatment	R amygdala	24	−1	−26	14.82	0.025
	Medial frontal gyrus	−3	50	−17	15.12	0.042
	L nucleus accumbens	-9	14	−11	10.48	0.035
	R nucleus accumbens	6	8	−8	8.23	0.068
Groups separated	Brain structure	x	y	z	Tmax	pcorr
Placebo (late–early)	R amygdala	24	−1	−26	3.30	0.080
	Medial frontal gyrus	−3	44	−23	4.61	0.020
Cortisol (early–late)	L nucleus accumbens	−9	14	11	2.58	0.088
Early extinction	Brain structure	x	y	z	Tmax	pcorr
CS+ – CS−	No significant differences
CS− – CS+	L amygdala	−21	−13	−14	2.89	0.066
	R amygdala	21	−13	−14	3.42	0.027
	L hippocampus	−33	−28	−14	5.34	0.001
	R hippocampus	27	−19	−14	4.69	0.003
	L posterior parahippocampal gyrus (WB)	−36	−31	−11	5.92	0.038
Placebo–cortisol	No significant differences
Cortisol–placebo	No significant differences
Late extinction	Brain structure	x	Y	Z	Tmax	Pcorr
CS+ – CS−	No significant differences
CS− – CS+	No significant differences
Placebo–cortisol	L amygdala	−24	−10	−14	3.14	0.044
	R amygdala	24	−4	−23	2.94	0.075
	Medial frontal gyrus	−3	41	−23	3.92	0.018
	L nucleus accumbens	−9	14	−11	3.11	0.021
	R nucleus accumbens	12	17	−8	2.41	0.077
Cortisol–placebo	No significant differences
Groups separated	Brain structure	x	Y	Z	Tmax	Pcorr
Placebo (CS+ – CS−)	L nucleus accumbens	−12	11	−8	3.04	0.044
Cortisol (CS− – CS+)	L amygdala	−24	−10	−14	3.08	0.084
	L nucleus accumbens	−9	14	−11	2.70	0.071
	R nucleus accumbens	9	14	−8	2.99	0.041

The significance threshold was P_corr≤ 0.05 [FWE-corrected; for the small volume correction as well as for the whole-brain (WB) correction]. Trends up to a threshold of P_corr≤ 0.10 are written in italics. The peak voxel from the WB analysis was labelled based on the Harvard–Oxford Subcortical Structural Atlas. All coordinates (x, y, z) are given in MNI space. L = left, R = right.