Table 2.
Longitudinal Associations Between Menopausal Status and Higher Levels of Physical Functioning Limitation
| Menopausal Status | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Premenopause | 1 (Reference) | — | 1 (Reference) | — | 1 (Reference) | — |
| Early perimenopause | 1.55 (1.08, 2.24) | .02 | 1.46 (1.00, 2.14) | .05 | 1.42 (0.96, 2.10) | .10 |
| Late perimenopause | 1.73 (1.19, 2.53) | .004 | 1.62 (1.09, 2.41) | .02 | 1.51 (1.00, 2.27) | .049 |
| Natural postmenopause | 1.89 (1.29, 2.77) | .001 | 1.72 (1.16, 2.56) | .01 | 1.61 (1.07, 2.41) | .02 |
| Surgical postmenopause | 2.00 (1.25, 3.19) | .004 | 1.88 (1.17, 3.04) | .01 | 1.73 (1.06, 2.83) | .03 |
| Hormone users/unknown | 1.61 (1.09, 2.37) | .02 | 1.64 (1.09, 2.47) | .02 | 1.46 (0.97, 2.22) | .10 |
Notes: Proportional odds ratios present the odds of substantial limitation versus no limitation and some limitation in each status category compared with premenopausal status. BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval.
*Model 1: adjusted for age at visit-04, time since visit-04 and site.
†Model 2: adjusted for age at visit-04, time since visit-04, site, race, ability to pay for basics, BMI at visit-04, change in BMI since visit-04, physical activity at visit-04, and change in physical activity since visit-04.
‡Model 3: additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and depression.