Table 3.
Longitudinal Associations Between Level and Changes of Endogenous Sex Hormones and Higher Levels of Physical Functioning Limitation
| Endogenous Sex Hormones, Separate Models (log transformed) | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Proportional Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| E2 level at visit04 | 0.87 (0.79, 0.96) | .01 | 0.87 (0.79, 0.97) | .01 | 0.91 (0.82, 1.00) | .06 |
| E2 change since visit04 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | .01 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | .01 | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | .03 |
| SHBG level at visit04 | 1.08 (0.93, 1.25) | .30 | 1.08 (0.93, 1.25) | .30 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.26) | .30 |
| SHBG change since visit04 | 1.17 (1.03, 1.34) | .02 | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | .01 | 1.23 (1.08, 1.41) | .002 |
| T level at visit04 | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | .40 | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | .50 | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | .40 |
| T change since visit04 | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) | .02 | 0.87 (0.75, 0.99) | .047 | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) | .02 |
Notes: Proportional odds ratios present the odds of substantial limitation versus no limitation and some limitation per 1 unit increase (log transformed) in sex hormones (level or change). BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; E2 = estradiol; SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin; T = testosterone.
*Model 1: adjusted for age at visit-04, time since visit-04, BMI at visit-04, change in BMI since visit-04, and site.
†Model 2: adjusted for age at visit-04, time since visit-04, BMI at visit-04, change in BMI since visit-04, site, race, cycle day of blood draw, ability to pay for basics, physical activity at visit-04, and change in physical activity since visit-04.
‡Model 3: additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and depression.