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. 2014 May 28;34(9):1472–1482. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.102

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced leakage of mouse pial venules. A dual-tracer probing method was used to define prevailing role of paracellular versus transcellular transport in pial venules of WT, Cbs gene knockout heterozygous (Cbs+/−), MMP9 gene knockout (Mmp9−/−), and Cbs+/− and Mmp9−/− double knockout (Cbs+/−/Mmp9−/−) mice. (A) Examples of images recorded immediately (baseline) and after 1 hour after infusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (green) and Alexa-647- conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) (red) tracers. Microvascular permeability was assessed by comparison of ratios of fluorescence intensities of dyes measured along the line profile probe (LPP) outside to that of inside of the vessel shown on images. Summary of changes in LLP ratios of fluorescence intensity values of FITC (B) and BSA-Alexa Fluor-647 (C) tracers. *P<0.05, versus WT; n=8 for all groups. Inset: Genotyping of Cbs and Mmp9 gene double knockout (Cbs+/−/Mmp9−/−) mice. Dual polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products suggest the heterozygous mutation of Cbs gene (Cbs+/−) and single PCR product suggests homozygous mutation of Mmp9 gene (Mmp9−/−) while their absence represents FVB or wild-type (C57BL) alleles.