Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for first-line antiretroviral therapy effectiveness at 12 and 24 months (IPEC cohort, 2000 to 2010)
| |
|
12 months |
24 months |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
Unadjusted |
Adjusted |
Unadjusted |
Adjusted |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | ||
|
Age | |||||
| |
< 30 |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
Ref. |
| |
30-39 |
0.99 (0.91, 1.08) |
|
1.05 (0.93, 1.18) |
1.06 (0.94, 1.19) |
| |
> = 40 |
1.04 (0.95, 1.13) |
|
1.09 (0.98, 1.22) |
1.12 (1.00, 1.26) |
|
Race | |||||
| |
Non-white |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
|
| |
White |
1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
|
1.05 (0.97, 1.15) |
|
|
Gender/Risk category
a
| |||||
| |
Women |
0.89 (0.82, 0.98) |
0.90 (0.82, 0.99) |
0.92 (0.82, 1.03) |
0.94 (0.84, 1.06) |
| |
Heterosexual men |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
| |
MSM |
1.05 (0.97, 1.15) |
1.02 (0.93, 1.12) |
1.11 (0.99, 1.25) |
1.11 (0.98, 1.25) |
| |
IDU/Other |
1.02 (0.90, 1.16) |
1.02 (0.89, 1.16) |
0.93 (0.78, 1.11) |
0.95 (0.79, 1.13) |
|
Education | |||||
| |
< 4 years |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
| |
4-8 years |
1.06 (0.96, 1.17) |
1.07 (0.96, 1.18) |
1.12 (0.98, 1.28) |
1.13 (0.99, 1.29) |
| |
> 8 years |
1.16 (1.06, 1.27) |
1.13 (1.03, 1.24) |
1.17 (1.04, 1.32) |
1.14 (1.00, 1.29) |
|
Years since HIV + test | |||||
| |
<= 3 |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
|
| |
> 3 |
0.97 (0.90, 1.04) |
|
0.94 (0.86, 1.03) |
|
|
Baseline CD4 cell count
b
| |||||
| |
<= 200 |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
|
| |
201-350 |
1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
|
1.01 (0.91, 1.12) |
|
| |
> 350 |
1.09 (0.99, 1.20) |
|
1.11 (0.97, 1.26) |
|
| |
Missing |
0.92 (0.83, 1.03) |
|
1.01 (0.88, 1.15) |
|
|
Baseline HIV viral load
c
| |||||
| |
<= 100000 |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
|
| |
> 100000 |
1.00 (0.93, 1.08) |
|
1.03 (0.93, 1.14) |
|
| |
Missing |
0.95 (0.87, 1.04) |
|
0.99 (0.88, 1.11) |
|
|
Concurrent ADI
d
| |||||
| |
No |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
|
| |
Yes |
1.06 (0.98, 1.16) |
|
1.06 (0.95, 1.18) |
|
|
Hepatitis B/C co-infection
e
| |||||
| |
No |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
|
| |
Yes |
1.16 (0.95, 1.43) |
|
1.07 (0.83, 1.39) |
|
|
Initial ART regimen
f
| |||||
| |
PI-based |
Ref. |
|
Ref. |
Ref. |
| |
NNRTI-based |
1.04 (0.96, 1.13) |
|
1.20 (1.08, 1.34) |
1.17 (1.05, 1.31) |
|
Calendar year of ART initiation | |||||
| |
2005-2010 |
1.28 (1.18, 1.39) |
1.25 (1.15, 1.35) |
1.20 (1.09, 1.33) |
1.14 (1.03, 1.27) |
| |
2000-2004 |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
|
Started ART in clinical trial | |||||
| |
No |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
Ref. |
| Yes | 1.10 (1.03, 1.18) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) | |
Bold numbers indicate statistically significant results.
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, VL: viral load, PI: protease inhibitor, NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
aGender and reported mode of HIV exposure were categorized jointly into women, men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men, and injection drug users (IDU, men and women) and other reported modes of HIV exposure (men and women). Individuals reporting both injection drug use and other modes of HIV exposure were categorized into IDU.
bMeasurement closest to the date of start of ART up to 30 days after.
cMeasurement closest to the date of start of ART up to 7 days after.
dDefined as the presence of any Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1993 ADI at 90 days prior to up to 30 days after start of ART.
eChronic Hepatitis B infection was defined as persistence of a positive HBsAg for more than six months without a subsequent negative HBsAg; chronic Hepatitis C infection was defined as a confirmed positive anti-HCV detected at least six months from the first test.
fPatients starting Integrase inhibitor-based regimens were too few and thus excluded (7 individuals with start of ART in 2010).