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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jul;66(7):1909–1919. doi: 10.1002/art.38572

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) function and signaling and Smad2/3 expression and activation in monocytes from Caucasians, African Americans, and patients with SSc. A, Monocyte migration toward SDF-1. Monocytes from healthy Caucasian and African American donors were treated with CSD peptide or control peptide, with or without TGFβ. * = P < 0.05; ** = P < 0.01; *** = P < 0.001. B, Representative Western blots showing similar expression and activation in monocytes from healthy Caucasian and African American donors compared with extremely elevated expression and activation in SSc monocytes. C, Quantification of the results shown in B, as determined by densitometry. The levels of Smad2/3 and pSmad2/3 in Caucasian subjects were set at 100 arbitrary units. Bars show the mean ± SEM of 4 independent experiments performed with cells from different subjects. *** = P < 0.001 versus the same parameter in healthy Caucasians and African Americans. See Figure 1 for other definitions.