TABLE 4.

Research utility of the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool reported in published studies

First author (reference), year	Research utility
Jacob (17), 2008; Gillies (36), 1997; van Cleve (27), 1996; Savedra (34), 1993	Appropriate to ages 8–17 years
Crandall (18), 2007; Crandall (22), 2002; Franck (23), 2002; van Cleve (27), 1996	Stimulates patients to talk about their own pain experiences in a systematic way
Gillies (36), 1997	Data are easy to score and analyze
Jacob (17), 2008; van Cleve (21), 2004	Construct validity is established
Jacob (14), 2008	High internal consistency
Jacob (15), 2003	Body outline diagram is helpful to quantify the extent of pain
Beyer (30), 2000; Jacob (14), 2008	Convergent validity of the word graphic rating scale with the African-American Oucher and the numerical rating scale is established
Crandall (19), 2005	List of pain descriptors captures the essence of pain experience
Franck (20), 2004; van Cleve (33), 2001	Available in Spanish and Chinese