Table 2.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses on Factors Associated with Abnormal Papanicolaou Tests in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
| Abnormal Pap (N=84) | Normal Pap (N=202) | Total | p-Value | Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous variables | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age (years) | 55.2 (12.5) | 61.7 (12.3) | <.0001 | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | |
| Age at RA symptom onset (years) | 34.1 (14.4) | 40.1 (13.4) | 0.001 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | ||
| Number of pregnancies | 2.2 (1.7) | 2.5 (1.8) | 0.27 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | ||
| Categorical variables | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Race | ||||||
| Non-white race | 4 (20.0) | 16 (80.0) | 20 (100) | 0.34 | 1 | |
| White race | 80 (30.1) | 186 (69.9) | 266 (100) | 0.28 | 2.01 (0.56–7.18) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Not currently married | 33 (28.2) | 84 (71.8) | 117 (100) | 0.72 | 1 | |
| Married | 51 (30.2) | 118 (69.8) | 169 (100) | 0.72 | 1.10 (0.64–2.04) | |
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| <College | 20 (30.8) | 45 (69.2) | 65 (100) | 0.78 | 1 | |
| College | 35 (24.8) | 106 (75.2) | 141 (100) | 0.10 | 0.76 (0.40–1.45) | |
| Graduate school | 29 (36.7) | 50 (63.3) | 79 (100) | 0.09 | 1.33 (0.67–2.68) | |
| Household income | ||||||
| <$30,00 | 13 (21.3) | 48 (78.7) | 61 (100) | 0.12 | 1 | |
| $30,000–69,999 | 25 (33.3) | 50 (66.7) | 75 (100) | 0.38 | 1.85 (0.85–4.02) | |
| $70,000+ | 46 (30.7) | 104 (69.3) | 150 (100) | 0.61 | 1.63 (0.81–3.30) | |
| Cigarettes smoked | ||||||
| <100 in lifetime | 42 (27.8) | 109 (72.2) | 151 (100) | 1 | ||
| 100+ in lifetime | 42 (31.1) | 93 (68.9) | 135 (100) | 0.64 | 1.13 (0.68–1.88) | |
| History of DMARD use | ||||||
| Never | 23 (27.1) | 62 (72.9) | 85 (100) | 1 | ||
| Ever previous | 61 (30.3) | 140 (69.7) | 201 (100) | 0.62 | 1.15 (0.66–2.04) | |
| History of steroid use | ||||||
| Never | 18 (30.5) | 41 (69.5) | 59 (100) | 1 | ||
| Ever previous | 66 (29.1) | 161 (70.9) | 227 (100) | 0.77 | 0.91 (0.49–1.70) | |
| Number of pregnancies | ||||||
| 0 | 16 (30.8) | 36 (69.2) | 52 (100) | 1 | ||
| 1+ | 68 (29.1) | 166 (70.9) | 234 (100) | 0.81 | 0.92 (0.48–1.77) | |
| Use of any birth control | ||||||
| Never | 31 (23.1) | 103 (76.9) | 134 (100) | 1 | ||
| Ever previous | 53 (34.9) | 99 (65.1) | 152 (100) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.06–3.00) | 2.31 (1.18–4.52) |
| Use of OC pills | ||||||
| Never | 26 (22.6) | 89 (77.4) | 115 (100) | 1 | ||
| Ever previous | 58 (33.9) | 113 (66.1) | 171 (100) | 0.04 | 1.70 (0.99–2.92) | |
| Use of non-OC contraceptives | ||||||
| Never | 21 (18.4) | 93 (81.6) | 114 (100) | 1 | ||
| Ever previous | 63 (36.6) | 109 (63.4) | 172 (100) | 0.0009 | 1.39 (0.81–2.41) | |
| Any STD diagnosis | ||||||
| Never | 52 (22.4) | 180 (77.6) | 232 (100) | <0.0001 | 1 | 1 |
| Ever previous | 32 (59.3) | 22 (40.7) | 54 (100) | 5.04 (2.67–9.40) | 3.38 (1.70–6.70) | |
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | ||||||
| <3 | 24 (17.5) | 113 (82.5) | 137 (100) | <0.0001 | 1 | 1 |
| 3–5 | 28 (35.0) | 52 (260.0) | 20 (100) | 0.19 | 2.46 (1.31–4.62) | 1.68 (0.85–3.33) |
| 6+ | 31 (46.3) | 36 (13.5) | 266 (100) | 0.0005 | 3.93 (2.06–7.50) | 1.93 (0.93–3.99) |
| Age at first menses | ||||||
| <12 | 13 (38.2) | 21 (61.8) | 34 (100) | 0.23 | 1 | 1 |
| 12 or 13 | 34 (28.6) | 85 (71.4) | 119 (100) | 0.8 | 0.80 (0.46–1.40) | 0.50 (0.25–1.01) |
| 14+ | 13 (23.2) | 43 (76.8) | 56 (100) | 0.26 | 0.61 (0.29–1.26) | 0.50 (0.21–1.19) |
CI, confidence interval; OC, oral contraceptive; OR, odds ratio; STD, sexually transmitted disease.