FIG. 2.

Overview of central metabolic pathways in the chloroplast. NADPH, Fdx, and ATP produced by the photosynthetic light reactions at the thylakoid membrane are used by different metabolic pathways in the stroma such as the carbon fixation cycle and the synthesis of starch, lipids, amino acids, and chlorophyll (Chl). In the dark, NADPH is produced by the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPP), while carbon derives from starch degradation. For Abbreviations, see Abbreviations Used section. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars