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. 2014 Jul 22;6(8):1911–1937. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evu151

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© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1.— — miRNA biogenesis pathways. miRNA processing starts from the nucleus. (a) Canonical pathway represents those miRNAs that are transcribed by polymerase II and then are processed by Drosha and associated proteins. (b) Alternative miRNA processing pathway represents those miRNAs that bypass Drosha processing; for example, lariats that debranch and form pre-miRNA structure. (c) Pre-miRNA processing in cytoplasm by Dicer together with other RNA-binding proteins. (d) miRISC binds to 3′-UTR of an mRNA for translational repression. (e) miRISC is transported to the nucleus and binds to ncRNAs including pri-miRNA to repress their processing or interfere with their functions.