Table 1. Parents' Characteristics by Willingness to Accept Boys' HPV Vaccination.
| Parents' socio-demographic characteristics | Total for response category | Willingness to allow a son(s) to be given the HPV vaccine | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
| Yes | No | ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Gender [Willing = 675; Unwilling = 82] | |||||
| Male | 490 (64.7) | 431 (63.9) | 59 (71.9) | Ref | |
| Female | 267 (35.3) | 244 (36.1) | 23 (38.1) | 0.69 (0.40–1.74) | |
| Home location [Willing = 675; Unwilling = 83] | |||||
| Urban | 264 (34.8) | 236 (35.0) | 28 (37.7) | Ref | |
| Rural | 494 (65.2) | 439 (65.0) | 55 (66.3) | 1.06 (0.64–1.76) | |
| Highest educational attainment [Willing = 671; Unwilling = 85] | |||||
| No formal education | 36 (4.8) | 30 (4.5) | 6 (7.1) | Ref | |
| Primary education | 227 (30.0) | 210 (31.3) | 17 (20.0) | 0.41 (0.14–1.25) | |
| Secondary education | 352 (46.6) | 307 (45.8) | 45 (52.9) | 0.73 (0.27–2.08) | |
| College or University education | 124 (16.4) | 107 (15.9) | 17 (20.0) | 0.79 (0.26–2.49) | |
| I do not know | 17 (2.2) | 17 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00–1.91) | |
| Religious denomination [Willing = 676; Unwilling = 85] | |||||
| Protestant | 302 (39.7) | 268 (39.6) | 34 (40.0) | Ref | |
| Catholic | 305 (40.1) | 274 (40.5) | 31 (36.5) | 0.89 (0.52–1.54) | |
| Muslim | 63 (8.3) | 57 (8.4) | 6 (7.1) | 0.83 (0.29–2.19) | |
| Adventist | 21 (2.8) | 18 (2.7) | 3 (3.5) | 1.31 (0.29–5.08) | |
| Pentecostal | 66 (8.7) | 56 (8.6) | 10 (11.8) | 1.41 (0.61–1.20) | |
| Traditionalist | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (1.2) | 7.88 (0.21–296.42) | |
| Other | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (0.00–33.42) | |
| Occupation/Source of income [Willing = 542; Unwilling = 68] | |||||
| Casual laborer | 327 (53.6) | 293 (54.1) | 34 (50.0) | Ref | |
| Retail business (petty trade) | 212 (34.8) | 187 (34.5) | 25 (36.8) | 1.15 (0.64–2. 06) | |
| Unemployed | 32 (5.2) | 29 (5.4) | 3 (4.4) | 0.89 (0.21–3.29) | |
| Others | 39 (6.4) | 33 (6.1) | 6 (8.8) | 1.57 (0.54–4.28) | |
| Ever heard about an illness called cervical cancer? [Willing = 617; Unwilling = 76] | |||||
| Yes | 575 (83.0) | 519 (84.1) | 56 (73.7) | Ref | |
| No | 118 (17.0) | 98 (15.9) | 20 (26.3) | 1.89 (1.05–3.39)* | |
| Ever heard of a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer or HPV? [Willing = 643; Unwilling = 81] | |||||
| Yes | 441 (60.9) | 408 (63.5) | 33 (40.7) | Ref | |
| No | 283 (39.1) | 235 (36.5) | 48 (59.3) | 2.53 (1.54–4.16)*** | |
| Would you allow your daughter to be given the HPV Vaccine? [Willing = 632; Unwilling = 79] | |||||
| Yes | 644 (90.6) | 605 (95.7) | 39 (49.4) | Ref | |
| No | 67 (9.4) | 27 (4.3) | 40 (50.6) | 22.98 (12.30–43.15)*** | |
| Do you think HPV infection is the major cause of genital warts? [Willing = 629; Unwilling = 74] | |||||
| Yes | 551 (78.4) | 507 (80.6) | 44 (59.5) | Ref | |
| No | 152 (21.6) | 122 (19.4) | 30 (40.5) | 2.83 (1.66–4.83)*** | |
| Would you recommend the HPV Vaccine to sons of your friends/family members? [Willing = 640; Unwilling = 82] | |||||
| Yes | 661 (91.6) | 620 (96.9) | 41 (50.0) | Ref | |
| No | 61 (8.4) | 20 (3.1) | 41 (50.1) | 31.0 (15.97–60.64)*** | |
| District of residence [Willing = 681; Unwilling = 85] | |||||
| Where HPV vaccination of girls took place | 398 (52.0) | 357 (52.4) | 41 (48.2) | Ref | |
| Where HPV vaccination of girls never took place | 368 (48.0) | 324 (47.6) | 44 (51.8) | 1.82 (0.74–1.90) | |
Significance set at: *p≤0.05; **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001; Deficits in the sample for each group represents cases of non-response to different statements.