Table 1. Characteristics of MetS and healthy control subjectsa.
| Control | MetS | P-valuec | |
| n = 27 | n = 30 | ||
| Gender (men:women) | 8∶19 | 11∶19 | 0.57 |
| Age (years) | 48.8±10.9 | 55.4±8.7 | 0.005 |
| DM drug treatment | 0/27 | 5/30 | 0.05 |
| Hypertension drug treatment | 4/27 | 12/30 | 0.04 |
| Smoker (no:yes) | 13∶14 | 9∶21 | 0.16 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.4±13.9 | 107.4±13.5 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0±5.9 | 33.7±6.2 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-height (ratio) | 0.56±0.08 | 0.65±0.08 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119.2±20.8 | 133.8±14.8 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.8±9.1 | 78.9±11.7 | 0.15 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg)b | 44.4±17.3 | 54.9±14.7 | 0.003 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 89.6±11.6 | 97.2±10.8 | 0.03 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 90.8±17.2 | 117.8±45.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 227.7±60.5 | 224.4±46.2 | 0.61 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 118.0±73.9 | 178.8±108.0 | 0.001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 60.5±15.4 | 47.3±12.0 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 147.9±47.0 | 144.5±40.6 | 0.68 |
| L5 (%) | 7.6±6.2 | 17.0±14.5 | 0.005 |
| [L5] (mg/dL) | 11.2±10.7 | 21.9±18.7 | 0.01 |
a
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or as a ratio.
b
Pulse pressure is equal to systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure.
c
The P-value was calculated by using the Mann-Whitney U test, excluding sex, hypertension drug treatment, and smoking status variables, which were subjected to the chi square test, and the DM drug treatment variable, which was subjected to the Fisher exact test.
DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; L5%, percent L5 in total LDL; [L5], concentration of L5; MetS, metabolic syndrome.