Figure 1.

Associative inference task. (a) Participants learned overlapping pairs of objects during the study phases. AB (e.g., clipboard-truck) pairs were presented first. BC (e.g., truck-binoculars) pairs were learned later and included familiar items from the AB pairs (i.e., the truck in this example). (b) During test phases, participants were presented with three objects. The top item served as the cue; the bottom items were the two choices. A direct test trial is shown on the left, in which the participant is required to select truck when cued with clipboard. In the inference example (right), the participant should choose the binoculars, as both the clipboard and binoculars were paired with the truck during learning. For both direct and inference test trials, familiar items that were members of a different triad from the same study scan served as foils. Correct choices are circled for illustrative purposes only (not shown to participants).