Table 3.
Patient Characteristics, End-Stage Renal Disease Example
| Arteriovenous Fistula | ||
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Mature | Maturing | |
| Total n | 3,046 | 2,381 |
| Age, yrs | ||
| Mean | 76.2 | 76.4 |
| Median | 76 | 76 |
| 67–74 | 1,291 (42+.4) | 999 (42.0) |
| 75–84 | 1,443 (47.4) | 1,135 (47.7) |
| ≥ 85 | 312 (10.2) | 247 (10.4) |
| Race | ||
| White | 2,485 (81.6) | 1,864 (78.3) |
| African American | 424 (13.9) | 436 (18.3) |
| Other | 137 (4.5) | 81 (3.4) |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 1,951 (64.1) | 1,321 (55.5) |
| Women | 1,095 (35.9) | 1,060 (44.5) |
| Comorbid conditions | ||
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 1,236 (40.6) | 1,102 (46.3) |
| Congestive heart failure | 914 (30.0) | 835 (35.1) |
| Cerebrovascular attack (stroke) | 385 (12.6) | 344 (14.4) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 740 (24.3) | 594 (24.9) |
| Other cardiac disease | 680 (22.3) | 558 (23.4) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 501 (16.4) | 441 (18.5) |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 183 (6.0) | 157 (6.6) |
| Liver disease | 38 (1.2) | 22 (0.9) |
| Dysrhythmia | 733 (24.1) | 637 (26.8) |
| Cancer | 401 (13.2) | 299 (12.6) |
| Diabetes | 1,658 (54.4) | 1,487 (62.5) |
| Anemia | 2,140 (70.3) | 1,408 (59.1) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2,663 (87.4) | 1,775 (74.5) |
| Hypertension | 2,827 (92.8) | 2,130 (89.5) |
| Cognitive impairment | 43 (1.4) | 29 (1.2) |
| Depression | 134 (4.4) | 117 (4.9) |
| Wheelchair use | 443 (14.5) | 495 (20.8) |
| Instrumental variable* | ||
| First nephrologist claim, mean | 546.3 | 459.6 |
| First nephrologist claim, median | 637 | 555 |
| < 14 days before dialysis initiation | 242 (7.9) | 241 (10.1) |
| Died within 1 yr of end-stage renal disease onset | 518 (17.0) | 612 (25.7) |
| Mean time to death (patients who died) | 174.4 | 158.5 |
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, values are n (%).
*
Number of days before starting hemodialysis that patient first saw a nephrologist.