Table 4.

Parameter Estimation, End-Stage Renal Disease Example

Variable	Model Coefficients
	esSurv	2SRI	PS-weight	Uncorrected
Mature AVF	−1.622 ***	−1.752 ***	−0.353 ***	−0.462 ***
Age	0.047 ***	0.048 ***	0.047 ***	0.051 ***
Female sex	−0.068	−0.092	0.005	0.005
African American race	−0.319 ***	−0.334 ***	−0.210 **	−0.238 **
Other race	−0.237	−0.256	−0.287	−0.334 *
Atherosclerotic heart disease	0.129	0.131	0.150 *	0.203 ***
Congestive heart failure	0.246 ***	0.261 ***	0.260 ***	0.292 ***
Stroke/cerebrovascular attack	0.042	0.048	0.054	0.064
Peripheral vascular disease	0.305 ***	0.311 ***	0.228 ***	0.295 ***
Other cardiac disease	0.291 ***	0.309 ***	0.226 ***	0.259 ***
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	0.231 **	0.248 ***	0.221 ***	0.268 ***
Gastrointestinal disease	−0.185	−0.145	−0.198	−0.174
Liver disease	0.866 ***	0.803 *	0.607 **	0.705 *
Dysrhythmia	0.063	0.048	0.124	0.067
Cancer	0.118	0.090	0.118	0.092
Diabetes	−0.047	−0.041	0.038	0.034
Wheelchair use	0.329 ***	0.337 ***	0.387 ***	0.427 ***
log(total length of stay)	0.002	0.003	0.052	0.050
Hospitalization	−0.160	−0.169	−0.270 **	−0.284 *
Weibull shape parameter	1.226 ***	1.426 **	1.005 ***	1.423 ***
2SRI residual	---	1.345 ***	---	---
esSurv ρ (correlation estimate)	0.547 ***	---	---	---
Log likelihoods
Selection equation	---	−3501.81	−3501.81	−3501.81
Hazard equation	---	−8987.46	−18333.05+	−8996.57
Total/Joint model	−12490.614	−12489.27	−21834.86	−12498.38
k	64	65	64	64
AIC	25109.228	25108.540	43797.720	25124.760

^*P < 0.1;

^**P < 0.05;

^***P < 0.01

⁺Pseudo loglikelihood

AVF, arteriovenous fistula; HR, hazard ratio.

Note: Reference categories are non-mature AVF, male sex, white race, absence of disease. We have also adjusted for average Medicare reimbursement in the patient’s geographic region using deciles based on data from the Dartmouth Atlas.