Table 3.
Results of multilevel analysis: mediation effect examination
| Model 1 (y=mortality) | Model 2 (y=patterns of QOC) | Model 3 (y=mortality) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% C.I. | Odds ratio | 95% C.I. | Odds ratio | 95% C.I. | ||||
| LCL | UCL | LCL | UCL | LCL | UCL | ||||
| Fixed-effects | |||||||||
| Hospital-level | |||||||||
| Accreditation status (ref. = Medical center) | 1.322 | 0.904 | 1.932 | 2.401*** | 1.530 | 3.767 | 1.410 | 0.971 | 2.048 |
| Surgeon-level | |||||||||
| Surgeon’s age | 0.954*** | 0.933 | 0.976 | 1.005 | 0.981 | 1.029 | 0.954*** | 0.933 | 0.975 |
| Patient level | |||||||||
| Income(ref. = low income) | 0.353*** | 0.193 | 0.644 | 2.291* | 1.033 | 5.078 | 0.369** | 0.202 | 0.673 |
| Patterns of QOC (ref.=excellent) | 2.623*** | 1.737 | 3.960 | ||||||
| Age | 1.055*** | 1.045 | 1.066 | 0.991** | 0.985 | 0.998 | 1.054*** | 1.044 | 1.065 |
| Gender (ref. = Male) | 1.292** | 1.058 | 1.579 | 0.848* | 0.719 | 1.000 | 1.280* | 1.047 | 1.565 |
| Number of vessels obstructed (ref. = >2+ vessels) | 2.029*** | 1.641 | 2.509 | 1.670*** | 1.425 | 1.957 | 2.100*** | 1.699 | 2.595 |
| Comorbidity index (ref. = 2+) | 0.637*** | 0.526 | 0.770 | 1.029 | 0.896 | 1.180 | 0.634*** | 0.524 | 0.767 |
| Random effects | Variance | Std.err. | Variance | Std.err. | Variance | Std.err. | |||
| Intercept: surgeon (hospital) | 0.6100 | 0.2796 | 1.1590 | 0.2978 | 0.5419 | 0.2619 | |||
| Intercept: surgeon | 0.0234 | 0.2602 | 0.1473 | 0.2226 | 0.02730 | 0.2428 | |||
*p<0.05 **p<0.01 ***p<0.001.
QOC: quality of care; C.I.: confidence interval; LCL: Lower confidence limit; UCL: Upper confidence limit.