Table 1.
Patient characteristics (N = 621)
| Mean (SD; range) or N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Age | 30.1 (7.3; 18–59) |
| Male (%) | 478 (77%) |
| Education | |
| Primary school | 39 (6%) |
| Secondary school/high school | 322 (52%) |
| Vocational education | 150 (24%) |
| Vocational higher education | 65 (11%) |
| University | 45 (7%) |
| Illness duration (years) | 7.3 (4.1; 2.0-43.1) |
| Age of onset first psychosis (years) | 22.3 (6.7; 5–51) |
| Primary diagnosis | |
| Schizophrenia | 398 (64%) |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 80 (13%) |
| Schizophreniform disorder | 37 (6%) |
| Delusional disorder | 14 (2%) |
| Brief psychotic disorder | 13 (2%) |
| Psychotic disorder NOS | 64 (10%) |
| Other psychotic disorder | 15 (2%) |
| Antidepressantsa | 81 (17%) |
| Antipsychoticsa | |
| No antipsychotics | 67 (14%) |
| Risperidone | 58 (12%) |
| Olanzapine | 91 (19%) |
| Quetiapine | 28 (6%) |
| Clozapine | 71 (15%) |
| Haloperidol | 16 (3%) |
| Aripiprazol | 50 (10%) |
| Other antipsychotics | 35 (7%) |
| Combination therapy | 65 (14%) |
| QIDS-SR16 (total) | 6.6 (4.9; 0–26) |
| CDSS (total) | 2.0 (2.8; 1–16) |
| PANSS Total | 61.8 (18.9; 41–148) |
| PANSS-EMO (emotional distress) | 13.1 (4.8; 8–33) |
| PANSS-NEG (negative symptoms) | 12.6 (5.4; 4–41) |
| PANSS-POS (positive symptoms) | 11.3 (5.4; 3–39) |
| PANSS-DIS (disorganized symptoms) | 14.2 (5.1; 10–46) |
| PANSS-EXC (excitement symptoms) | 10.6 (3.2; 2–29) |
| AIMS (total) | 0.1 (0.2; 0–1.9) |
| BARS (total) | 0.3 (0.6; 0–4.0) |
| UPDRS (subtotal motor symptoms)b | 0.2 (0.1; 0–1.4) |
Abbreviations: SD Standard Deviation; QIDS-SR 16 Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 16-item self-report version; CDSS Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; AIMS Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; BARS Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale and UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.
a Data on medication was available for n = 481 (77%) patients.
b UPDRS ratings were available for n = 531 (85%) patients.