Table 6.

Osteopathic manipulative treatment in comparison to other interventions for chronic nonspecific low back pain

Quality assessment							No. of patients		Treatment effect (95% CI)	Quality of the evidence
No. of studies	Design	Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations	OMT	All other interventions and sham treatment
Pain (measured with: Pain VAS from 0 to 100 [worse pain]; Better indicated by lower values)
6	randomised trials	no serious limitations	serious1	no serious indirectness	no serious imprecision	none	387	382	MD 14.93 lower (25.18 to 4.68 lower)	⊕ ⊕ ⊕Ο MODERATE
Functional status (follow-up 3 months; measured with: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index; Better indicated by lower values)
6	randomised trials	no serious limitations	no serious inconsistency	no serious indirectness	no serious imprecision	none	388	383	SMD 0.32 lower (0.58 to 0.07 lower)	⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ HIGH

¹I2 = 89%.

Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, MD Mean difference, OMT Osteopathic manipulative treatment, SMD Standard mean difference, VAS Visual analogue scale.