Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of HIV-infected North Carolina Medicaid patients receiving atazanavir, lopinavir-ritonavir or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) as a part of a new combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen before and after inverse probability weighting
| New cART recipients | Inverse Probability Weighteda |
Inverse Probability Weighteda |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| atazanavir (n=543) No. (%) |
lopinavir-ritonavir (n=654) No. (%) |
NNRTI (n= 1,511) No. (%) |
atazanavir (n=537) No. (%) |
NNRTI (n=540) No. (%) |
lopinavir-ritonavir (n=652) No. (%) |
NNRTI (n=655) No. (%) |
|
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 260 (48) | 296 (45) | 689 (46) | 257 (48) | 255 (47) | 295 (45) | 294 (45) |
| Age, years | |||||||
| <40 | 242 (45) | 303 (46) | 614 (41) | 239 (45) | 253 (48) | 301 (46) | 304 (46) |
| 40-50 | 216 (40) | 241 (37) | 580 (38) | 214 (40) | 199 (37) | 241 (37) | 240 (37) |
| >50 | 85 (16) | 110 (17) | 317 (21) | 84 (16) | 88 (16) | 110 (17) | 111 (17) |
| Race | |||||||
| Black | 396 (73) | 501 (77) | 1,142 (76) | 396 (74) | 397 (74) | 501 (77) | 503 (77) |
| White | 117 (22) | 105 (16) | 278 (18) | 111 (21) | 115 (21) | 105 (16) | 101 (15) |
| Asian | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb |
| Native American/Pacific Islander | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb |
| Unknown | 21 (4) | 36 (6) | 69 (5) | 21 (4) | 19 (4) | 35 (5) | 38 (6) |
| Comorbidity at baselinec | |||||||
| Heart Failure | 28 (5) | 25 (4) | 56 (4) | 27 (5) | 27 (5) | 25 (4) | 25 (4) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | NAb | NAb | 16 (1) | NAb | NAb | NAb | NAb |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 15 (3) | 17 (3) | 48 (3) | 15 (3) | 15 (3) | 17 (3) | 16 (2) |
| Mild Liver Disease | 19 (4) | 18 (3) | 50 (3) | 19 (4) | 19 (4) | 18 (3) | 20 (3) |
| Renal Disease | 14 (3) | 16 (2) | 49 (3) | 24 (3) | 13 (2) | 16 (2) | 15 (2) |
| Diabetes (uncomplicated) | 41 (8) | 27 (4) | 107 (7) | 41 (8) | 40 (7) | 27 (4) | 27 (4) |
| Cancer | 22 (4) | 31 (5) | 82 (5) | 22 (4) | 23 (4) | 30 (5) | 31 (5) |
| Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 45 (8) | 40 (6) | 119 (8) | 45 (8) | 46 (9) | 40 (6) | 40 (6) |
| No. Prior Medications Used (180 days before entering studyd | |||||||
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors | 45 (8) | 51 (8) | 112 (7) | 43 (8) | 45 (8) | 51 (8) | 53 (8) |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | NAb | 14 (2) | 29 (2) | NAb | NAb | 14 (2) | 15 (2) |
| Beta Blockers | 17 (3) | 23 (4) | 47 (3) | 17 (3) | 18 (3) | 23 (4) | 24 (4) |
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I) | 40 (7) | 43 (7) | 92 (6) | 39 (7) | 39 (7) | 43 (7) | 45 (7) |
| No. Prior Medications Used (180 days before entering study) | |||||||
| 0 | 45 (8) | 116 (18) | 169 (11) | 44 (8) | 46 (9) | 116 (18) | 119 (18) |
| 1-15 | 362 (67) | 414 (63) | 1,078 (71) | 361 (67) | 362 (67) | 413 (63) | 412 (63) |
| 15-20 | 68 (13) | 67 (10) | 152 (10) | 68 (13) | 68 (13) | 67 (10) | 68 (10) |
| >20 | 68 (13) | 57 (9) | 112 (7) | 64 (12) | 65 (12) | 56 (9) | 56 (9) |
| No. Hospitalizations (180 days before entering study) | |||||||
| 0 | 349 (64) | 364 (56) | 952 (63) | 346 (64) | 346 (64) | 364 (56) | 365 (56) |
| 0-2 | 110 (20) | 129 (20) | 289 (19) | 108 (20) | 112 (21) | 129 (20) | 130 (20) |
| >2 | 84 (15) | 161 (25) | 270 (18) | 83 (15) | 82 (15) | 159 (24) | 160 (24) |
| Year of Antiretroviral Initiation | |||||||
| 2002 | NAb | 55 (8) | 40 (3) | NAb | NAb | 53 (8) | 56 (9) |
| 2003 | NAb | 110 (17) | 144 (10) | NAb | NAb | 110 (17) | 111 (17) |
| 2004 | 48 (9) | 100 (15) | 197 (13) | 48 (9) | 47 (9) | 100 (15) | 100 (15) |
| 2005 | 121 (22) | 88 (13) | 399 (26) | 121 (23) | 120 (22) | 88 (14) | 85 (13) |
| 2006 | 148 (27) | 93 (14) | 290 (19) | 146 (27) | 148 (27) | 93 (14) | 92 (14) |
| 2007 | 43 (8) | 59 (9) | 87 (6) | 42 (8) | 43 (8) | 59 (9) | 60 (9) |
| 2008 | 177 (33) | 149 (23) | 354 (23) | 175 (33) | 177 (33) | 149 (23) | 150 (23) |
Propensity scores based on the following characteristics: age, race, sex, comorbidities, drug use in the 180 days prior to antiretroviral initiation, cardiovascular drug use in the 180 days prior to antiretroviral initiation, hospitalization in the 180 days prior to antiretroviral initiation, year of initiation (indicators for year of initiation). The median propensity scores for the receipt of atazanavir or an NNRTI were 0.30 (IQR: 0.25, 0.37; Full Range: 0.02, 0.65) and 0.25 (IQR: 0.18, 0.33; Full Range: 1×10-7, 0.60). Of patients that received either atazanavir or an NNRTI, we trimmed 54 patients who had characteristics that were always associated with initiation of atazanavir (N=6) or NNRTI (N=48). Inverse probability weights used to estimate the effect of initiation of cART regimens containing atazanavir or an NNRTI and MI ranged from 0.02 to 1.836. The median propensity scores for the receipt of lopinavir-ritonavir or an NNRTI were 0.34 (IQR: 0.25, 0.34; Full Range: 0.10, 0.75) and 0.27 (IQR: 0.20, 0.36; Full Range: 0.06, 0.70). We trimmed 24 patients who had characteristics that were always associated with initiation of lopinavir-ritonavir (n=2) or an NNRTI (n=22). Inverse probability weights used to estimate the effect of initiation of cART regimens containing lopinavir-ritonavir or an NNRTI and MI ranged from 0.11 to 2.35.
Numbers in cell < 11 (cannot be presented based on data use agreement with NC Medicaid). Cells < 11 presented for pseudo-population as persons could be represented more than once.
Comorbidities include: Heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, mild liver disease, moderate/severe liver disease, renal disease, diabetes (uncomplicated), diabetes (complicated), cancer, metastatic carcinoma, connective tissue disease, chronic pulmonary disease, dementia. Comorbidities with ≥ 11 subjects in at least one cell presented.
Angiotensin receptor blocking agent percentages not presented as all cells had < 11 subjects.
NA indicates not available; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA