Table 2.

Frequencies and distributions for select characteristics and known breast cancer risk factors

	All women (N=521)		Menopausal Status a (N=509)
			Pre-menopausal (N=352)		Post-menopausal (N=157)
	N	%	N	%	N	%	P-value*
Education level							<0.001
High school/GED/or less	155	29.75	115	32.67	36	22.93
Vocational/Tech school or associates degree	74	14.20	39	11.08	33	21.02
College degree	172	33.01	130	36.93	38	24.20
Graduate/Professional Degree	113	21.69	65	18.47	46	29.30
Race							0.23
White	453	86.95	306	86.93	137	87.26
Black	27	5.18	15	4.26	11	7.01
Other/missing	41	7.87	31	8.81	9	5.73
Ethnicity							0.07
Hispanic	56	10.75	44	12.50	11	7.01
Non-Hispanic	462	88.68	308	87.50	144	91.72
Age at menarche							0.45
≤11	103	19.77	69	19.60	31	19.75
12	152	29.17	105	29.83	42	26.75
13	157	30.13	110	31.25	44	28.03
≥ 14	109	20.92	68	19.32	40	25.48
Body mass index, kg/m2							<0.001
<25	212	40.69	165	46.88	42	26.75
25–29	142	27.26	94	26.70	45	28.66
≥30	167	32.05	93	26.42	70	44.59
No. of full-term births							<0.001
nulliparous	248	47.60	216	61.36	26	16.56
1	60	11.52	33	9.38	26	16.56
2	117	22.46	59	16.76	55	35.03
≥ 3	91	17.47	42	11.93	47	29.94
Age at first full-term birth among parous women (N=298)							<0.001
< 20	39	13.09	23	17.16	14	10.94
20–24	74	24.83	30	22.39	43	33.59
25–29	84	28.19	36	26.87	47	36.72
≥ 30	101	33.89	67	50.00	31	24.22
Breastfeeding among parous women (n=298)							0.25
Never	65	21.81	27	20.15	37	28.91
Ever
< 24 mo.	157	52.68	84	62.69	70	54.69
≥ 24 mo.	46	15.44	23	17.16	21	16.41
Oral contraceptive use
Non-current user			232	65.91
Current user			120	34.09
Hormone replacement therapy use among post-menopausal
Never					72	45.86
Ever
Current/recent use					21	13.38
Past use/Former					64	40.76
Family history of breast or ovarian cancer in first-degree relatives							0.02
No	388	74.47	271	76.99	106	67.52
Yes	133	25.53	81	23.01	51	32.48
Ever had a breast biopsy							<0.001
Never	430	82.53	316	89.77	103	65.61
Ever
Yes, 1	63	12.09	25	7.10	37	23.57
Yes, 2+	20	3.84	5	1.42	15	9.55
Ever had a screening mammogram							<0.001
No	230	44.15	218	61.93	8	5.10
Yes	288	55.28	132**	37.50	148	94.27
Smoking							<0.001
Never	360	69.10	265	75.28	90	57.32
Ever
Former	111	21.31	58	16.48	50	31.85
Current	39	7.49	22	6.25	14	8.92
Alcohol Use							0.04
Non-user	149	28.60	88	25.00	55	35.03
Current user
< 7 drinks/week	312	59.88	224	63.64	83	52.87
≥ 7 drinks/week	54	10.36	39	11.08	14	8.92

^aWomen were considered pre-menopausal if they reported having had a period within 12 months from the questionnaire date, and post-menopausal if they reported having their last period more then 12 months from the questionnaire date, reported having a hysterectomy, or reported both ovaries removed.

^*χ² test to determine if risk factor distributions are significantly different between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women

^**Of these 91 women (69%) are age 40 and older and 13 (10%) have a history of breast cancer in a first degree relative

NOTE: Differences between cell counts in table and total number are due to missing questionnaire data.