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. 2014 Jul 30;15(8):13317–13332. doi: 10.3390/ijms150813317

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Inhibition of TCF2 decreases insulin secretion via the JNK signaling pathway. INS-1 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 25 mM glucose and pretreated with 800 μM PA to investigate the effect of FFAs on INS-1 gene expression. Activation of JNK signaling was detected by Western blotting (A) in INS-1 cells overexpressing TCF2 or not that were cultured in DMEM containing 25 mM glucose (control) or PA (800 μM). JNK signaling was also detected in INS-1 cells overexpressing TCF2 cultured in DMEM containing 25 mM glucose and PA (800 μM) (A); GSIS was analyzed with DMSO or JNK agonist to confirm the positive regulatory effect of TCF2 on GSIS through negative regulation of JNK signaling (B); In addition, expression of GLUT2 and PDX1 was evaluated by Western blotting (C) and quantified (D) to evaluate the effect of JNK agonist on gene expression related to insulin secretion. * p < 0.05.