Table 2.
Various biosurfactants produced by microorganisms.
| Biosurfactant Type | Microbial Species |
|---|---|
| Glycolipids | |
| Trehalose mycolates | Rhodococcus erythropolis, Arthobacter paraffineu, Mycobacterium phlei, Nocardia erythropolis |
| Trehalose esters | Mycobacterium fortium, Micromonospora sp., M. smegmatis, M. paraffnicum, Rhodococcus erythropoli, Arthobacter sp., Nocardia sp. |
| Rhamnolipids | Pseudomonas spp., Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Burkholderia spp. |
| Sophorolipids | Candida bombicola/apicola, Torulopsis petrophilum, Candida sp., Candida antartica, Candida botistae, Candida riodocensis, Candida stellata, Candida bogoriensis |
| Flocculosin | Pseudomonas flocculosa |
| Phospholipids and fatty acids | |
| Phospholipids, Fatty acids | Candida sp., Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp., Acinetobacter sp., Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Aspergillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Mycococcus sp., Penicillium sp., Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus |
| Lipopeptides and lipoproteins | |
| Gramicidins | Bacillus brevis |
| Peptide lipids | Bacillus licheniformis |
| Serrawettin | Serratia marcescens |
| Surfactin, subtilysin, subsporin | Bacillus subtilis |
| Lichenysin G | Bacillus licheniformis IM1307 |
| Amphomycin | Streptomyces canus |
| Globomycin | Streptomyces globocacience |
| Bacillomycin L | Bacillus subtilis |
| Iturin A | Bacillus subtilis |
| Putisolvin I and II | Pseudomonas putida |
| Arthrofactin | Arthobacter sp. |
| Fengycin | Bacillus thuringiensis CMB26 |
| Mycobacillin | Bacillus subtilis |
| Polymeric biosurfactants | |
| Emulsan | Acinetobacter caloaceticus RAG-1, Arethrobacter calcoaceticus |
| Biodispersan | Acinetobacter caloaceticus A |
| Liposan | Candida lipolytica |
| Alasan | Acinetobacter calcoaceticus |
| Protein PA | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Particulate biosurfactants | |
| Membrane vesicles | Acinetobacter sp. HO1-N, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus |
| Fimbriae, whole cell | Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Cyanobacteria |