Table 1.
Exemplary selection of NRPS (nonribosomal peptide synthetases) pathways generating cyclic dipeptide (CDP)-containing natural products. Shown are the different modification enzymes found inside those gene clusters, their putative function as well as the substrate CDP-scaffold used by those enymes.
| Biosynthetic Pathway | Modification Enzymes | Putative Function | CDP Substrate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thaxtomin [24,69,70] (Streptomyces scabies) |
TxtC | Hydroxylation | cWY |
| Brevianamide [71] (Aspergillus fumigatus) |
Afu8g00240 | Oxidative cyclization | cWP |
| Afu8g00230 | Oxidative cyclization | ||
| Afu8g00220 | Hydroxylation | ||
| Afu8g00200 | O-methylation | ||
| Afu8g00190 | Hydroxylation | ||
| Ergotamine [72] (Claviceps purpurae) |
CpP4501 | Hydroxylation | cFP |
| CpCAT2 | Hydroperoxidation | ||
| CpOX3 | Oxidative cyclization | ||
| Meleagrin [73] (Penicillium chrysogenum) |
Pc21g15430 | C3-reverse-prenylation | cWH |
| Pc21g15440 | O-methylation | ||
| Pc21g15450 | Oxidative cyclization | ||
| Pc21g15460 | N-hydroxylation | ||
| Pc21g15470 | α,β-dehydrogenatioin | ||
| Acetylazonalenin [74] (Neosartorya fischeri) |
AnaPT | C3-reverse-prenylation | cWF |
| AnaAT | N-acetylation | ||
| Gliotoxin [75] (Aspergillus fumigatus) |
GliC | Oxidation | cFS |
| GliF | Oxidation | ||
| GliG | Sulfurization | ||
| GliI | Cyclopropane-formation | ||
| GliM | O-methylation | ||
| GliN | N-methylation |