TABLE II.
Risk Factors for Allogenic Blood Transfusion During a Hospital Stay for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty*
| Risk Factor | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
| Age group (yr) | ||
| 40 to 49 | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | <0.0001 |
| 50 to 59 | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.01) | 0.102 |
| 60 to 69 | 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) | 0.045 |
| 70 to 79 | 1.38 (1.30 to 1.46) | <0.0001 |
| 80 to 89 | 2.11 (1.99 to 2.24) | <0.0001 |
| ≥90 | 3.01 (2.72 to 3.34) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.92 (1.88 to 1.95) | <0.0001 |
| Race | ||
| Black | 1.63 (1.57 to 1.69) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 1.37 (1.30 to 1.45) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 1.38 (1.31 to 1.46) | <0.0001 |
| Missing | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.4943 |
| Insurance | ||
| Medicare | 1.17 (1.14 to 1.20) | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid | 1.58 (1.51 to 1.66) | <0.0001 |
| Uninsured | 1.27 (1.14 to 1.41) | 0.0007 |
| Other | 1.19 (1.12 to 1.26) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| AIDS | 1.39 (1.13 to 1.72) | 0.0007 |
| Alcohol abuse | 1.33 (1.24 to 1.44) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 2.50 (2.38 to 2.64) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.10) | <0.0001 |
| Coagulopathy | 2.31 (2.18 to 2.46) | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.54 (1.47 to 1.61) | <0.0001 |
| Deficiency anemia | 2.42 (2.37 to 2.47) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||
| Complicated | 1.41 (1.29 to 1.53) | <0.0001 |
| Uncomplicated | 1.16 (1.13 to 1.19) | <0.0001 |
| Drug abuse | 1.41 (1.26 to 1.59) | <0.0001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 1.57 (1.53 to 1.62) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | <0.0001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) | 0.0106 |
| Liver disease | 1.41 (1.29 to 1.54) | <0.0001 |
| Lymphoma | 1.76 (1.55 to 1.99) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 0.90 (0.88 to 0.93) | <0.0001 |
| Other neurological disorders | 1.48 (1.41 to 1.56) | <0.0001 |
| Paralysis | 1.56 (1.37 to 1.77) | <0.0001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.03) | 0.0584 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.25) | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 1.24 (1.12 to 1.37) | <0.0001 |
| Renal failure | 1.67 (1.58 to 1.76) | <0.0001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.26 (1.20 to 1.31) | <0.0001 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | <0.0001 |
| Valvular disease | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.34) | <0.0001 |
| Unintentional weight loss† | 1.81 (1.58 to 2.08) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||
| Urban location | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.82) | <0.0001 |
| Teaching | 0.95 (0.93 to 0.97) | <0.0001 |
| Northeastern region | 1.18 (1.15 to 1.21) | <0.0001 |
| Midwestern region | 0.66 (0.64 to 0.67) | <0.0001 |
| Southern region | 1.14 (1.11 to 1.17) | <0.0001 |
| Small number of beds | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.16) | <0.0001 |
| Medium number of beds | 1.25 (1.23 to 1.28) | <0.0001 |
*
The reference patient is a forty-year-old white male with private insurance and no comorbidities, admitted to a large teaching hospital in an urban area located in the Western region of the United States. C-statistic = 0.711.
†
Weight loss is defined to represent ICD-9-CM codes 260 through 263.9, which are for kwashiorkor, nutritional marasmus, other severe protein-calorie malnutrition, and other and unspecified protein-calorie malnutrition.