Table 2.
Factors | Proliferation | Differentiation | Survival | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Extrinsic factors | ||||
Growth factors & neurotrophins | ||||
BDNF | + (SVZ) | +(SGZ) | Henry et al, 2007 83; Scharfman et al, 2005 84 | |
EGF | + | Doetsch et al, 2002 37; Aguirre et al, 2010 62 | ||
FGF | + | Westermann et al, 1990 43; Jin et al, 2003 44; Zhao et al, 2007 45 | ||
PDGF | + | + (astrocyte) | Jackson et al, 2006 85 | |
VEGF | + | + (neuron) | Leventhal et al, 1999 46; Cao et al, 2004 47 | |
Morphogens | ||||
BMP | + (astrocyte) | Nakashima et al, 1999 48; Yanagisawa et al, 2001 49 | ||
Noggin | + (neuron) | Lim et al, 2000 50 | ||
Notch | + | - (neuron) - (glia) |
Mizutani et al, 2007 24; Basak et al 2007 25; Aguirre et al, 2010 62 | |
SHH | + | Ahn and Joyner, 2005 86; Banerjee et al, 2005 87; Machold et al, 2003 88; Palma et al, 2005 51 | ||
WNT3 | + | Lie et al, 2005 54; Song et al, 2002 53 | ||
Intracellular pathways | ||||
Transcription factors | ||||
SOX2 | + | Graham et al, 2003 3; Thomas et al, 2008 4 | ||
TLX | + | Shi et al, 2004 69; Sun et al, 2007 70 | ||
PAX6 | + (neuron) | Ericson et al, 1997 8; Zhang et al 2010 7 | ||
Olig2 | + (oligodendrocytes) | Zhou et al, 2001 89 | ||
Epigenetic regulators | ||||
MBD1 | + (neuron) | Zhao et al, 2003 81; Li et al, 2008 82 | ||
Histone deacetylase | + (with TLX) | Hsieh et al, 2004 90; Sun et al, 2007 70 | ||
Cell cycle regulation | ||||
p16INK4a | - | Molofsky et al, 2006 64 | ||
p21 | - | Kippin et al, 2005 66; Marques-Torrejon et al, 2013 63 | ||
p53 | - | Gil-Perotin et al, 2006 65 | ||
microRNAs | ||||
miR9 | - | + (neuron) | Krichevsky et al, 2006 71; Yoo et al, 2009 76 | |
miR124 | - | Yoo et al, 2009 76 | ||
miR137 | - | + | Sun et al, 2011 77; Smrt et al, 2010 78; Szulwach et al, 2010 79. | |
miR184 | + | - (neuron) | Liu et al, 2010 80 |