Table 3. Odds of Perforation, Unadjusted and Fully Adjusted Regression Models.

Characteristic	Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Fully Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Presentation to OR time (continuous variable)	1.0 (0.99-1.01)	1.0 (0.99-1.01)
Sex
Female	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Male	1.17 (1.03-1.33)	1.24 (1.08-1.43)
Age (continuous)	1.04 (1.03-1.04)	1.04 (1.08-1.43)
Comorbidity index score
0	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
1	1.40 (1.16-1.69)	0.99 (0.81-1.21)
2	2.44 (1.69-3.52)	1.32 (0.98-1.76)
≥3	3.56 (2.12-5.96)	2.18 (1.36-3.49)
Race
White	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
African American	0.68 (0.43-1.07)	0.65 (0.42-1.02)
Asian	0.73 (0.53-1.00)	0.68 (0.52-0.89)
American Indian/Alaskan	0.94 (0.46-1.92)	1.15 (0.52-2.56)
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	0.62 (0.25-1.58)	0.83 (0.31-2.23)
Unknown	1.03 (0.88-1.21)	1.00 (0.83-1.21)
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Hispanic	0.85 (0.66-1.09)	0.93 (0.71-1.21)
Unknown	1.09 (0.95-1.24)	1.08 (0.88-1.33)
Insurance
Private	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Medicare	3.05 (2.51-3.71)	0.98 (0.76-1.26)
Medicaid	1.1 (0.87-1.40)	1.24 (0.96-1.61)
Uninsured, self-pay, unknown	1.25 (1.06-1.48)	1.43 (1.24-1.66)
Other government program	0.63 (0.40-0.97)	0.70 (0.44-1.09)
Hospital volume, quartiles
1st (lowest)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
2nd	0.81 (0.55-1.20)	0.87 (0.62-1.21)
3rd	0.729 (0.50-1.06)	0.90 (0.67-1.20)
4th	0.69 (0.48-0.99)	0.84 (0.61-1.16)
Hospital location
Urban	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Rural	1.3 (1.05-1.61)	1.15 (0.94-1.42)

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; OR, operating room.