Table 1.

Neurobehavioral test results by study group

Test item	Control group (Mean ± SD) n=251	V group (Mean ± SD) n=463	P
Mood states
anger-hostility	21.12 ± 6.25	22.37 ± 7.57	0.044*
confusion-bewilderment	13.84 ± 3.53	13.98 ± 4.25	0.831
depression-dejection	25.46 ± 7.59	27.57 ± 10.11	0.01*
fatigue-inertia	13.25 ± 3.88	14.15 ± 4.29	0.01*
tension-anxiety	16.2 ± 4.18	16.6 ± 5.4	0.293
vigor-activity	19.62 ± 5.66	17.48 ± 6.03	0.000*
Simple reaction time
fastest time	277.04 ± 54.78	281.76 ± 45.98	0.679
slowest time	627.43 ± 260.57	660.90 ± 452.09	0.718
mean time	376.98 ± 90.86	380.36 ± 114.33	0.191
error dot score	0.37 ± 0.64	0.58 ± 0.87	0.000*
Digit span
digit span forward	12.32 ± 1.56	11.42 ± 1.93	0.000*
digit span backward	6.88 ± 2.37	6.05 ± 2.14	0.007*
Santa Ana dexterity
preferred hand	15.84 ± 2.76	15.48 ± 2.64	0.708
non-preferred hand	14.74 ± 2.37	14.66 ± 2.55	0.748
Digit symbol	56.99 ± 10.53	51.13 ± 13.61	0.001*
Benton visual retention	7.41 ± 1.63	6.86 ± 1.66	0.025*
Pursuit aiming
total pursuit aiming	107.18 ± 24.72	104.18 ± 29.91	0.997
correct pursuit aiming	87.20 ± 25.58	78.64 ± 27.69	0.016*
error pursuit aiming	19.98 ± 24.02	25.54 ± 25.79	0.014*

Covariates: gender, age, culture.

^*Significant P-value.