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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomark Med. 2014 Jun;8(5):641–652. doi: 10.2217/bmm.14.2

Figure 2. Muscle lectin histochemistry.

Figure 2

Paraffin-embedded muscle sections from biceps (control and GNE-28) and gastrocnemius (GNE-21) were stained with three lectins (green) informative for sialylation status and co-stained with the nuclear dye DAPI (blue). GNE myopathy muscle specimens show selective hyposialylation compared to control muscle, demonstrated by apparent normal staining of WGA (binding to most sialic acid groups), but decreased staining of SNA (predominantly binding terminal α(2,6)-linked sialic acid on all glycans). In addition, staining of VVA (predominantly binding terminal GalNAc, without sialic acid attached, O-linked to serine or threonine residues of glycoproteins) was increased in GNE myopathy muscle specimen compared to control, indicating hyposialylation of O-linked glycans.