Schematic of cells within a native extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells (gray) bind specific ECM proteins (green) with cell-surface receptors, such as integrins (brown), to form adhesions important in cell viability, migration, and mechanotransduction. Cell-cell junctions (purple) in addition to cell-ECM adhesions allow the cell to feel mechanical forces in its environment through cytoskeletal stress fibers (red). The ECM is also a reservoir for important soluble cytokines and chemokines (red), which bind to specific cell-surface receptors (orange). The structural fibers of the ECM (yellow) can be cleaved by proteinases secreted by the cells, allowing for localized matrix remodeling. Adapted from Reference 4.