Cells attach, proliferate, and migrate in MMP-degradable thiol-ene hydrogels. (a) Human mesenchymal stem cells exhibit a spread morphology that depends on the degradability and integrin binding motifs in thiol-ene gels. Single cell immunostained for nucleus (blue), actin (red), and vinculin (green, focal adhesions). Scale bar = 25 μm. Image courtesy of Chelsea Kirschner. (b) Plot of five different cell migration paths of valvular interstitial cells encapsulated within the same MMP-degradable gel. When the enzymatically cleavable cross-link is used for gel formation, cells are able to degrade the surrounding isotropic material and migrate freely in a random walk. Cells were imaged and tracked in a real-time microscope. Adapted from Reference 51. Note: MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.