Table 1. Patient and primary care physician characteristics and their associations with prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening.
| Patient Characteristics* | Number of patients (% receiving PSA screening ordered by PCP) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| 2007 | 2010 | 2007 | 2010 | |
| Overall | 37,264 (33.2) | 45,692 (30.6) | − | − |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 75–79 | 17,487 (39.1) | 15,728 (37.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 80–84 | 11,682 (31.8) | 15,654 (31.6) | 0.76 (0.72, 0.80) | 0.75 (0.71, 0.79) |
| 85+ | 8,095 (22.6) | 14,310 (21.6) | 0.42 (0.40, 0.45) | 0.42 (0.39, 0.44) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 31,348 (34.0) | 38,037 (31.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 905 (30.5) | 1,165 (30.6) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.17) |
| Hispanic | 4,603 (28.4) | 5,922 (28.1) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.11) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.19) |
| Other | 382 (34.0) | 548 (29.9) | 1.10 (0.84, 1.45) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.06) |
| Numbers of comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | 5,591 (35.2) | 5,936 (33.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 11,323 (37.2) | 12,758 (34.8) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) |
| 2 | 9,191 (33.5) | 11,611 (31.5) | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98) |
| 3 | 5,297 (31.6) | 6,973 (27.8) | 0.83 (0.76, 0.91) | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) |
| 4+ | 5,462 (23.9) | 8,414 (22.9) | 0.56 (0.51, 0.62) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.62) |
| Medicaid eligibility | ||||
| No | 33,719 (33.9) | 41,477 (31.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3,545 (27.0) | 4,215 (27.1) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.94) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) |
| Urban/Rural | ||||
| Metro | 28,882 (33.8) | 35,104 (30.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Metro | 7,657 (31.3) | 9,743 (29.7) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) |
| Rural | 702 (30.5) | 839 (30.3) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.39) |
| Percent high school graduates in the zip code area | ||||
| <75% | 8,786 (30.8) | 10,275 (28.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 75–83% | 8,642 (23.2) | 10,757 (28.4) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) |
| 84–90% | 9,332 (25.0) | 11,426 (30.9) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) |
| >90% | 9,404 (25.2) | 11,888 (34.1) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) |
| PCP Characteristics | Number of PCPs (% of their patients receiving PSA ordered by PCP) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| 2007 | 2010 | 2007 | 2010 | |
| Overall | 1,083 (33.2%) | 1083 (30.6%) | − | − |
| Age (years) | ||||
| < = 50 | 432 (31.0%) | (29.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50–60 | 438 (33.8%) | (30.4%) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) |
| >60 | 202 (36.5%) | (32.2%) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.39) | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 45 (26.3%) | 45 (23.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1,027 (33.5%) | 1,027 (30.6%) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.84) | 1.30 (0.89, 1.89) |
| Number of Male Patients 75+ in 2007/2010 in their patient panel | ||||
| 20–25 | 345 (29.3%) | 139 (24.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 26–35 | 365 (31.7%) | 344 (28.8%) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | 1.29 (1.01, 1.65) |
| 36–50 | 243 (35.4%) | 336 (35.4%) | 1.35 (1.12, 1.62) | 1.47 (1.15, 1.88) |
| >50 | 130 (36.2%) | 264 (31.4%) | 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) | 1.36 (1.05, 1.76) |
| Specialty | ||||
| Family Medicine | 442 (31.2%) | 442 (28.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Internal Medicine | 641 (34.4%) | 641 (31.6%) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) | 1.16 (1.00, 1.35) |
| Board Certified in 2007/2010 | ||||
| Yes | 828 (33.6%) | 790 (30.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 70 (29.6%) | 108 (29.0%) | 0.92 (0.70, 1.22) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.20) |
*There are missing data for patient race/ethnicity (n = 26 in 2007 and n = 20 in 2010) urban/rural (n = 23 in 2007 and n = 6 in 2010) and education (n = 1100 in 2007 and n = 1344 in 2010); PCP characteristics are missing data on age (n = 11 in 2007 and 2010) and board certification (n = 188) in 2007 and 2010).