Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients included in RECODE study. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | Intervention (n=554; 20 clusters) | Usual care (n=532; 20 clusters) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Observations | Value | Observations | |
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 68.2 (11.3) | 554 | 68.4 (11.1) 4 |
532 |
| Male sex | 280 (50.5) | 554 | 305 (57.3)* | 532 |
| Employment | 140 27.7 | 505 | 142 28.8 | 493 |
| Low education | 195 (39.2) | 498 | 195 (41.5) | 491 |
| Mean (SD) FEV1 % predicted | 67.7 (20.3) | 522 | 67.9 (20.5) | 498 |
| GOLD stage: | (n=458) | (n=409) | ||
| I—mild | 116 (25.3) | 458 | 97 (23.7) | 409 |
| II—moderate | 241 (52.6) | 458 | 220 (53.8) | 409 |
| III—severe | 87 (19.0) | 458 | 81 (19.8) | 409 |
| IV—very severe | 14 (3.1) | 458 | 11 (2.7) | 409 |
| Current smoker | 179 (34.8) | 515 | 196 (38.7) | 506 |
| Relevant comorbidities: | ||||
| Major cardiovascular disease | 81 (14.6) | 522 | 94 (17.7) | 515 |
| Hypertension | 196 (35.4) | 522 | 204 (38.3) | 515 |
| Diabetes | 81 (14.6) | 522 | 79 (14.8). | 515 |
| Depression | 54 (9.8) | 522 | 54 (10.1) | 515 |
| Mean (SD) CCQ score: | ||||
| Total | 1.5 (1.0) | 553 | 1.5 (1.0) | 527 |
| Symptoms | 2.1 (1.2) | 554 | 2.1 (1.2) | 531 |
| Functional | 1.5 (1.2) | 553 | 1.3 (1.2)* | 531 |
| Mental | 0.5 (1.0) | 554 | 0.5 (1.0) | 527 |
| Mean (SD) SGRQ score: | ||||
| Total | 36.7 (21.1) | 551 | 34.5 (19.8) | 529 |
| Symptoms | 51.6 (20.8) | 554 | 49.3 (20.9) | 530 |
| Activities | 49.4 (29.9) | 551 | 46 (29) | 531 |
| Impact | 24 (20.2) | 554 | 22.7 (19) | 530 |
| Mean (SD) MRC total score | 2.0 (1.3) | 553 | 2.0 (1.3) | 529 |
| MRC score >2 | 194 (35.1) | 553 | 167 (31.6) | 529 |
| Mean (SD) EQ-5D score | 0.74 (0.25) | 546 | 0.73 (0.28) | 528 |
| Mean (SD) EQ-5D VAS score | 66.6 (17.6) | 554 | 67.3 (17.3) | 532 |
| Mean (SD) SF-36 score, physical component | 38 (10.9) | 512 | 38.6 (10.7) | 503 |
| Mean (SD) SF-36 score, mental component | 48.3 (10.5) | 512 | 48.9 (10.3) | 503 |
| Mean (SD) SMAS score: | ||||
| Taking initiatives | 56.8 (17.8) | 518 | 56.9 (17.4) | 509 |
| Investment behaviour | 61.4 (16.8) | 517 | 59.3 (17.9) | 511 |
| Self-efficacy | 65.7 (17.2) | 516 | 64.3 (17.6) | 512 |
| Mean (SD) IPAQ, total MET minutes | 3150 (4696) | 546 | 3087 (4809) | 526 |
| IPAQ, high/moderate | 54 (10.0) | 541 | 70 (13.4) | 523 |
| IPAQ, low | 487 (90.0) | 541 | 453 (86.6) | 523 |
| Mean (SD) PACIC score: | ||||
| Total | 2.3 (0.9) | 436 | 2.3 (0.9) | 437 |
| Activation | 2.4 (1.2) | 435 | 2.2 (1.2) | 435 |
| Delivery system design | 3 (1.2) | 432 | 2.9 (1.1) | 436 |
| Goal setting | 2.2 (1.0) | 431 | 2.1 (0.9) | 433 |
| Problem solving | 2.3 (1.2) | 430 | 2.2 (1.0) | 433 |
| Follow-up/coordination | 1.8 (0.9) | 433 | 1.8 (0.8) | 431 |
| Mean (SD) exacerbations: | ||||
| Moderate exacerbation rate (12 months) | 0.4 (0.8) | 554 | 0.3 (0.8) | 532 |
| Severe exacerbation rate (3 months) | 0.02 (0.2) | 554 | 0.02 (0.2) | 532 |
| Hospital admission days (3 months) | 6 (2.1) | 554 | 8.6 (4.7) | 532 |
CCQ=Clinical COPD Questionnaire; GOLD=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; EQ-5D=Euro Qol-5D; FEV1=forced expiratory volume in 1 second; IPAQ=International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET=metabolic equivalent of task; MRC=Medical Research Council; PACIC=Patient Assessment Chronic Illness Care; SF-36=Short Form 36; SGRQ=St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; SMAS=Self-Management Ability Scale.
*Statistically significant difference between intervention and usual care groups.