Table 1.
Selected Age-adjusted* Characteristics
| No. of ALS cases (men/women) |
Baseline Cohort Size† |
Median length Of follow-up (years) |
Quintile of total n-3 fatty acid intake |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||||
| Nurses’ Health Study (1984 to 2008) | 81 (0/81) | 92,059 | 24 | |||||
| Age (years) | 61 (7) | 61 (7) | 61 (7) | 60 (7) | 60.72 (7) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26 (5) | 26 (5) | 27 (5) | 27 (5) | 27 (5) | |||
| Current smokers (%) | 15 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | |||
| High physical activity level (%) | 27 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 29 | |||
| Total vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 68 (100) | 70 (101) | 72 (101) | 74 (103) | 79 (107) | |||
| Total major carotenoid intake (mg/day) | 13 (6) | 14 (7) | 15 (7) | 15 (7) | 16 (8) | |||
| Total n-6 fatty acid intake (g/day) | 7 (2) | 8 (2) | 8 (2) | 9 (2) | 10 (3) | |||
|
Health Professional’s Follow-up Study M (1986 to 2008) |
63 (63/0) | 51,529 | 21 | |||||
| Age (years) | 55 (10) | 54 (10) | 54 (10) | 54 (10) | 55 (10) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 (3) | 25 (3) | 25 (3) | 26 (3) | 26 (7) | |||
| Current smokers (%) | 12 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 8 | |||
| High physical activity level (%) | 30 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 36 | |||
| Total vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 43 (80) | 47 (84) | 50 (85) | 50 (86) | 57 (93) | |||
| Total major carotenoid intake (mg/day) | 14 (7) | 16 (8) | 17 (8) | 19 (9) | 20 (11) | |||
| Total n-6 fatty acid intake (g/day) | 10 (3) | 11 (3) | 12 (3) | 13 (3) | 15 (4) | |||
|
Cancer Prevention Study – Nutrition Cohort (1999 to 2008) |
142 (71/71) | 151,347 | 9 | |||||
| Age (years) | 69 (3) | 69 (6) | 70 (6) | 70 (6) | 70.26 (6) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 (5) | 27 (5) | 26 (6) | 26 (4) | 26.35 (4) | |||
| Current smokers (%) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
| High physical activity level (%) | 22 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | |||
| < High school education (%) | 27 | 32 | 30 | 27 | 25 | |||
| Total vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 98 (99) | 96 (98) | 96 (98) | 96 (98) | 98 (98) | |||
| Total major carotenoid intake (mg/day) | 11 (5) | 12 (6) | 13 (6) | 13 (6) | 14 (7) | |||
| Total n-6 fatty acid intake (g/day) | 7 (2) | 9 (2) | 11 (2) | 12 (2) | 15 (4) | |||
|
Multiethnic Cohort Study (1993–1997 to 2007) |
140 (83/57) | 215,688 | 14 | |||||
| Age (years) | 61 (9) | 60 (9) | 60 (9) | 60 (9) | 59 (9) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 (4) | 26 (5) | 26 (5) | 26 (5) | 26 (6) | |||
| Current smokers (%) | 14 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 18 | |||
| High physical activity level (%) | 25 | 26+ | 29 | 33 | 37 | |||
| < High school education (%) | 44 | 44 | ||||||
| Total vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 64 (126) | 61 (128) | 60 (122) | 59 (122) | 59 (122) | |||
| Total major carotenoid intake (mg/day) | 11 (8) | 11 (7) | 12 (7) | 12 (7) | 13 (8) | |||
| Total n-6 fatty acid intake (g/day) | 9 (2) | 12 (2) | 14 (2) | 16 (2) | 19 (3) | |||
| NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study | 568 (384/184) | 546,214 | 11 | |||||
| Age (years) | 61 (5) | 62 (5) | 62 (5) | 62 (5) | 62 (5) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27 (5) | 27 (5) | 27 (5) | 27 (5) | 28 (5) | |||
| Current smokers (%) | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | |||
| High physical activity level (%) | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | |||
| < High school education (%) | 29 | 27 | 26 | 24 | 23 | |||
| Total vitamin E intake (mg/day) | 87 (108) | 83 (106) | 80 (104) | 79 (103) | 80 (104) | |||
| Total major carotenoid intake (mg/day) | 15 (11) | 16 (10) | 17 (10) | 17 (10) | 18 (12) | |||
| Total n-6 fatty acid intake (g/day) | 9 (3) | 11 (3) | 13 (3) | 15 (3) | 18 (4) | |||
*
Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the specific study population
**
Rate is adjusted for age and gender.
†
Prior to exclusion for implausible energy intake
‡
Value is not age-adjusted.