Table 2.
Entry Baseline Clinical Characteristics by Intervention Group
| TA (n = 47) |
SA (n = 52) |
WC (n = 52) |
p- value (TA vs. SA) |
p- value (TA vs. WC) |
p- value (SA vs. WC) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 64.9 ± 11 | 63.0 ± 11 | 62.5 ± 11 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.79 |
| Male (N, %) | 32 (68%) | 37 (71%) | 35 (67%) | 0.74 | 0.93 | 0.67 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 28.7 ± 5.3 | 30.5 ± 5.7 | 28.5 ± 6.5 | 0.13 | 0.63 | 0.35 |
| History of Hypertension (N, %) | 32 (68%) | 31 (59.6%) | 34 (65.4%) | 0.30 | 0.66 | 0.54 |
| History of Diabetes (N, %) | 9 (19%) | 11 (21.2%) | 7 (13.5%) | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.30 |
| Prior Myocardial Infarction (N, %) | 24 (51%) | 20 (38.5%) | 30 (57.7%) | 0.17 | 0.58 | 0.05 |
| Prior Angioplasty or Stenting (N, %) | 35 (74.5%) | 38 (73.1%) | 33 (63.5%) | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.36 |
| Current Smoking (N, %) | 2 (4.3%) | 3 (5.8%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.63 |
| Statin use (N, %) | 32 (68.1%) | 30 (57.7%) | 23 (44.2%) | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.18 |
| ACE-Inhibitor use (N, %) | 9 (19.1%) | 15 (28.8%) | 15 (28.8%) | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.75 |
| Calcium Channel Blocker use (N, %) | 13(27.7%) | 8 (15.4%) | 6 (11.5%) | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.68 |
| Beta-Blocker use (N, %) | 24 (51.1%) | 24 (46.2%) | 22 (42.3%) | 0.86 | 0.87 | 1.00 |
| DASI Entry (mean ± SD) | 33.7 ± 18.5 | 36.5 ± 17.6 | 36.4 ±18.6 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.99 |
| Resting Heart Rate (mean ± SD) | 65 ± 12 | 65 ± 10 | 62 ± 7 | 0.97 | 0.25 | 0.19 |
| Resting Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) (mean ± SD) | 130 ± 19 | 128 ±18 | 125 ± 26 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.47 |
| Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) (mean ± SD) | 74 ± 10 | 73 ± 9 | 70 ± 10 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 0.20 |
| Blood Sugar (mean ± SD)* | 103 ± 33 | 106 ± 32 | 101 ± 20 | 0.37 | 0.65 | 0.58 |
| HOMA (mean ± SD) | 1.82 ± 1.70 | 2.12 ± 1.45 | 1.93 ± 1.39 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 0.42 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) (mean ± SD)* | 1.98 ± 2.96 | 3.40 ± 4.96 | 2.13 ± 3.2 | 0.13 | 0.83 | 0.26 |
| Total Cholesterol (mean ± SD) | 168 ± 39 | 158 ± 36 | 179 ± 55 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.05 |
| LDL(mean ± SD) | 100 ± 35 | 91 ± 34 | 108 ± 51 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.07 |
| HDL(mean ± SD) | 49 ± 17 | 47 ± 16 | 53 ± 16 | 0.70 | 0.28 | 0.12 |
| Triglycerides (mean ± SD) | 98 ± 49 | 97 ± 55 | 96 ± 65 | 0.79 | 0.48 | 0.55 |
| RH-Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (mean ± SD) | 2.37 ± 0.47 | 2.36 ± 0.62 | 2.39 ± 0.54 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.38 |
| Salivary Cortisol (mean ± SD)* | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.26 ± 0.35 | 0.23 ± 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.09 |
| Actively participating in Cardiac Rehabilitation (N, %) | 11 (23%) | 18 (35%) | 17 (33%) | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.84 |
Values expressed as either (mean ± standard deviation) or [frequency (%)]
*
Wilcoxon t-test for determining differences between the two treatment groups.
ACE=angiotensin converting enzyme, BMI=body mass index, DASI=Duke Activity Status Inventory, TA=traditional acupuncture, SA=sham acupuncture.