. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pain Med. 2014 Mar 10;15(10):1757–1764. doi: 10.1111/pme.12416

Table 2.

Hierarchical multiple regression analysis examining the unique association between catastrophizing and craving

	B	R²	R² change	F change
Step 1		.01	.01	.01
Sex	−.01
Age	−.01
Step 2		.17	.16	4.4 ^**
Hx. Sub. use problems	.02
Daily opioid doses	.03
Pain intensity (BPI)	.27^**
Depressive sx. (BDI)	.32 ^**
Step 3		.25	.09	11.2 ^**
Catastrophizing (PCS)	.33^**

Note. Opioid dose represents the average daily opioid dose (morphine equivalent).

B, Standardized Beta coefficients.

p < .05

^**

p < .01