Table 3.
Effect of diet on blood pressure, endothelial function and vascular reactivity*
| HAD | DASH | BOLD | BOLD + | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight, kg | 74.1±2.3 | 73.8±2.3 | 73.7±2.3 | 74.1±2.3 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 115.7±1.9a | 112.9±1.9a | 114.0±1.9a | 111.4±1.9b |
| DBP, mm Hg | 69.8±1.5 | 69.1±1.5 | 69.4±1.5 | 69.1±1.5 |
| FRHI | 0.65±0.05 | 0.66±0.05 | 0.64±0.05 | 0.62±0.05 |
| RHI | 2.21±0.09 | 2.19±0.10 | 2.31±0.09 | 2.13±0.11 |
| Heart rate, BPM | 58.01±0.74 | 58.30±0.74 | 60.03±0.74 | 59.30±0.75 |
| AI** | 14.47±3.6a | 13.56±3.3a | 10.37±3.0b | 13.48±3.0a |
| AI @75 BPM | 2.84±2.2 | 3.87±2.2 | 1.23±2.2 | 4.61±2.2 |
| Older, AI** | 21.97±5.0 | 22.71±2.4 | 19.62±4.1 | 17.72±4.1 |
| Younger, AI** | 6.08±4.5a | 3.86±3.7a | 0.03±26b | 8.48±4.4a |
Abbreviations: AI, augmentation index; BOLD, beef in an optimal lean diet; BOLD+, beef in an optimal lean diet plus additional protein; BPM, beats per min; DASH, dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FRHI, Framingham reactive hyperaemia index; HAD, healthy American diet; RHI, reactive hyperaemia index; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
The MIXED procedure (version 9.2; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used to test the effects of diet. Values in the same row with different superscripts (a, b) are significantly different, adjusted P<0.05.
*All values are mean±s.e.m.
**Raw values reported. Data were log transformed to achieve normality when testing for significant differences. Older females ⩾55 years and males ⩾45 years.