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. 2014 Sep 11;4:6310. doi: 10.1038/srep06310

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(a) shows the four measurement configurations, with electrical signals injected either through pad frame A or B (IN_A and IN_B) and S21 curves normalized relative to the signal levels at either pad frame (Norm_A and Norm_B). (b) shows the averaged S-parameters obtained with two different configurations, with excellent consistency obtained between the two datasets.